This project research presents compressive strength, sound absorption coefficient (SAC) and water absorption analysis of High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) plastic waste reinforced polystyrene and Portland cement for lightweight concrete (LWC). The research is aimed into the issue of waste materials such as HDPE plastic waste and polystyrene waste into lightweight concrete (LWC) application. Modifications with waste material may improve the qualities of lightweight concrete (LWC), and HDPE plastic waste may serve as a partial substitute for natural aggregates, which are rapidly depleting. It has been proposed that HDPE plastic waste and polystyrene be used as an alternative aggregate material to reduce environmental impact. In this study, four composition ratio of HDPE plastic waste reinforced polystyrene and Portland cement to produce LWC; which are (a) 0.5 HDPE plastic waste : 1.0 polystyrene: 1.0 Portland cement, (b) 1.0 HDPE plastic waste : 1.0 polystyrene : 1.0 Portland cement, (c) 1.5 HDPE plastic waste : 1.0 polystyrene : 1.0 Portland cement, and (d) 2.0 HDPE plastic waste : 1.0 polystyrene : 1.0 Portland cement. The highest rate of compressive strength attained was 97.28 kN with the composition ratio of 1.5 HDPE plastic waste: 1.0 polystyrene : 1.0 Portland cement. It was discovered that a larger proportion of plastic lowered the strength of concrete. On the other hand, the optimum composition ratio of HDPE plastic waste reinforced concrete for lightweight concrete (LWC) produces the appropriate strength for LWC when the composition ratio is optimized. For sound absorption analysis, the higher coefficient is 0.42 SAC at 350 Hz to 1500 Hz for the composition ratio of 1.5 HDPE plastic waste : 1.0 polystyrene : 1.0 Portland cement. Water absorption characteristics of HDPE plastic waste and polystyrene for LWC dropped with increasing plastic waste content up to 0.50%.

Concrete is the most used man-made material and foamed concrete is a type of concrete widely known with high workability, low density and excellent thermal and sound insulation properties. Its global market has also been predicted to increase. Growing of population and economy, along with urbanization generate wastes which increase yearly. One of the solutions to reduce waste in landfills is by using waste in manufacturing. Glass, classed as a form of ceramic waste (GCW) has been left in the landfills unrecycled due to the challenges it causes. The primary purpose of this research is to find the optimal GCW composition as a quartz sand additive for Foamed Concrete-based Glass Ceramic Waste (FC-GCW) which will reduce the amount of unrecycled GCW that ends upin landfills while producing a sustainable product. The samples were prepared by grinding the GCW and mixing varying percentages of GCW (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30%) with a consistent quantity of cement, quartz sand, water, and foam. Physical (density, water absorption, porosity and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX)) test and analysis and mechanical (compressive strength) test were performed on the samples. During physical tests, the density increased as the GCW percentage increased, but water absorption andporosity decreased. FC-GCW 20% had appropriate density, water absorption, and porosity values of 0.887 g/cm3, 22.6 %, and 88.9%, respectively, which demonstrated that the material is lightweight and porous.For EDX analysis between FC-GCW control and FC-GCW 20%, it was found that when GCW was included, the weight percentage of Oxygen and Calcium decreased while the weight percentage of Silica increased, showing GCW increased Silica content, and pozzolanic reaction occurred to from Calcium Silicate Hydrate (C-S-H) gel.For mechanical testing, it was discovered that FC-GCW 20% had the highest average compressive strength of 0.94 MPa and 2.01 MPa for 7 and 28 days, respectively. This research's contribution can be applied to areas where low densities are preferred and low compressive strength is required, such as of road sub-base, fire breaks, raising floor level, void fill, harbour fill, bridge abutments and ground stabilization.

The project research present the mechanical performance of pipe based on fiberglass reinforced with plastic waste (FRPW) in plant application system. The use of FRPW able to reduce corrosion problem faced by oil and gas industry. In this study involved four types of combination ratio of fiberglass reinforced with plastic waste (FRPW) of 1.0: 0.5; 1.0:1.0; 1.0:1.5; and 1.0:2.0. The fabrication process started with grinding process of plastic waste into small size in the range of 0.1 mm. Fiberglass then reinforced with plastic waste by mixed with resin and hardener with ratio of 2: 1 and poured into the cylinder mould. There is a possibility fiberglass from 10-40% by weight result in substantial increase in elastic modulus, accompanied by an increase in strength with reduced ductility 1.0 of ratio. The tensile test showed clearly exhibited that 1.0 of plastic waste reinforced fiberglass with stand the higher maximum force value of 2.69 kN. For the bending test ratio of 1.0 of plastic waste withstand the higher bending strength at 5.29 kN. Ratio of 1.0 FRPW is more suitable for produced pipe in plant application system due to matrix-reinforcement bonding for each pipe sample after conducting tensile strength. The result obtained that ratio 1.0 of FRPW shown good matrix-reinforcement bonding.

The world produces billions of tonnes of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) yearly, with part of it not being properly disposed of. To approach sustainable development and reduce waste in landfills, using waste in material production is proposed. According to the World Green Building Council, construction projects have expanded and demand for green buildings is likely to increase in the next three years. Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) is considered an environmentally friendly product compared to standard concrete and bricks. This paper aims to investigate the influence of glass waste (GW) and gypsum wastes as additional materials on the physical properties and compressive strength of AAC is to determine the optimum proportion of GW addition to produce AAC based glass-gypsum waste (AAC-GGW) and to compare the properties of AAC-GGW with the reference sample. The materials used were Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), quartz sand, lime, aluminum paste, GW, and gypsum waste. The ratios of all materials were kept constant except GW with increment of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%. The density, water absorption, porosity, and average compressive strength of the samples were measured and compared. It was found that increasing GW increased the samples’ density and decreased the samples’ water absorption and porosity. It was also found that the addition of GW from 5% to 25% achieved better average compressive strength than the reference sample with no addition of GW. Maximum compressive strength was achieved at 20% GW addition.