No abstract

Background: Lamotrigine is a member of antiepileptic drugs, it belongs to the sodium channel blocking agent’s class and it is pregnancy category C drug. While its teratogenic effects are not hidden by the doctors but it is the preferred drug being prescribed in pregnancy. The current study aims to investigate the effects of fetus resorption and histologic changes in cranium of fetus of albino mice and to compare their weight changes due to lamotrigine therapy. Methodology: It was an experimental animal study conducted in collaboration of anatomy and surgery department at animal house of University of Lahore in 2019. The duration of study was 25 days, twenty-four albino mice (12 males and 12 females) were placed in conventional cages in pairs for mating purpose. Female mice Group A, controls in which normal saline was administered intraperitoneally on 10th day of gestation and Group B, in which lamotrigine was given intraperitoneally on the 10th day at the dose of 10 mg/kg. Maternal health was monitored daily during the intervention. Body weight, food and water consumption, and changes in general health, behavior, activity and any sign of toxicity were checked daily. After 18th day the pregnant mice were sacrificed under euthanasia and fetuses were removed and histologic assessment was carried out. Results: Weight of mice treated with lamotrigine decreased significantly (p-value=0.03) and fetus resorptions were also more (p-value=0.013) in Group B. Histologic assessment reveled that there were cleft of lip and palate in group B. Conclusion: Lamotrigine increased the fetal resorption and decrease the weight and seemed to be responsible for inducing cleft of lip and palate at 10mg/kg dose in albino mice.

Background: Fibroadenoma (FA) is one of the most frequently diagnosed benign neoplasm in women. Various researches have reported increased risk of breast cancer in females with FA. It stems from the proliferation of epithelial and stromal contents of the terminal duct lobular units (TDLU`S) of breast tissue, that are the primary sites for the histopathologic assessment which is the gold standard for the diagnosis of disease. However, this method is subjective and possess interobserver variability. Therefore, new quantitative methods are required to aid in diagnosis. Hence we evaluated fluorescence light intensity and its use in histopatholgic evaluation. Aim: The goal of this research was to compare and quantify red and green fluorescence light intensities of ductal cells and stroma of non-neoplastic breast tissue with fibroadenomatous tissue. Method: A cross-sectional study was done in the Cell biology and histology lab of Ziauddin University. 44 slides of normal breast tissue and 44 slides of diagnosed fibroadenomatous tissue were taken from Dr Ziauddin Hospital, North Campus. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of the slides were done following standard protocols. On microscopic examination, the changes in light intensities of ductal cells and stroma of normal breast tissue and fibroadenoma were quantified using dual channel fluorescence microscopy using Nikon NIS imaging software. Results: The results demonstrated statistically significant increase (p-value <0.05) in mean red (37.22±5.9) and green (22.47±6.6)  light intensity of stroma in FA when compared with red (32.71± 6.7) and green (17.01±4.3) light intensity of normal breast tissue. Whereas, R/G ratio for normal tissue was higher (1.95±0.11) than R/G for FA (1.74±0.37) with a p value of <0.05. Similarly, for ductal cells; statistically significant (p value <0.05) increase in mean red (38.86±5.4) and green (15.54±2.51) light intensity for FA was found when compared with red (29.62±1.89) and green (12.60±1.67) intensity of normal tissue. R/G ratio for FA (2.5±0.24) was compared to be higher than normal tissue (2.36±0.3) with a p value of <0.05. Conclusion: The study suggests that fluorescence microscopy combined with quantitative assessment fluorescence light intensities may may be a helpful tool for histomorphic evaluation of the breast tissue.