Most of the livestock breeds in Egypt lack molecular characterization required for establishing adequate utilization of genetic variation in developing livestock breeding programs. Cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene technique was used in the present study to identify and differentiate the main three Egyptian local goat breeds (i.e. Baladi, Zaraibi and Barki) via DNA barcoding to confirm its species identity and provide valuable DNA sequence source in the nucleotide online database for further studies. Blast (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) results confirmed samples to be Capra hircus (100%) with no variation among the studied breeds. On the other hand, the Fluorescently Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism ) F-AFLP) technique was applied to assess genetic variation among and within the three breeds for litter size character. F-AFLP analysis of triplicates per breed produced 164 polymorphic loci. At the same time fixed and private bands varied among the three breeds; 47, 17 and 14 bands and 9, 19 and 27 bands for Baladi, Zaraibi and Barki, respectively. Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) showed 3.8% and 96.1% variance among and within breeds, respectively. Population re-allocation showed that all samples of Baladi breed are outliers, Zaraibi breed one outlier and two hybrids and in Barki breed one hybrid, one outlier and one allocates itself. Private bands in excel filter (using virtual inspection in excel) showed fixed bands of 213bp molecular weight at locus 35 in both Baladi and Zaraibi breeds. These bands considered as genetic marker for litter size trait (i.e. high prolific animals).

Background: DNA barcoding depend on a piece of the cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) gene in the mitochondrial genome is broadly useful in species ID and biodiversity studies. The aim of this study is to create a complete barcoding reference database of some fishes in the Mediterranean Sea fall under the family Sparidae. . Materials and methods: Mitochondrial COI barcode sequences were demonstrated from 8 species of family Sparidae in the order Perciformes, the mean length of Mitochondrial COI sequences was 650 base pairs. Results: The results of the phylogenetic tree presented that monophyly of Sparidae species. The studied species displayed clades of conspecific sequences and showed a match between the present study and the GenBank (NCBI) database. All groups clustered with high bootstrap value, that showed next to each branch and the tree was rooted based on the out group of Rhincodon typus. Conclusion: We achieve that COI sequencing can be used to recognize different fish species, and also it is used to obtain high competence of species reorganization by DNA barcoding. We underline the power of DNA barcode and its tools to identify different species from Mediterranean Sea. Results give Species ID for each species under study by using DNA barcoding.

Medicinal plants are an essential source of therapeutic ingredients, being also the basis of traditional or original healing systems. Many medicinal plants belong to the family Lamiaceae. The Mint is the common name of about 25 perennial species of the genus Mentha. The essential oils of the Mentha species and their extracts are well documented and possess antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, pesticide, and antioxidant properties. The current study aimed to collect and genotype mint species from different sources using fluorescently labeled AFLP technique to asses the genetic variability and elucidate highresolution genetic markers related to oil content and/or oil quantity. A total of 11 mint samples were analyzed using AFLP technique; among the three primer pair combinations showed number of peaks ranged between 49 to 117, with a minimum band size in base pair of 50 bp to 661 bp. The overall mean of number of bands per individual is 99, while the total number of polymorphic loci is 254. Based on the maximum likelihood hybrid index method, two samples were found misclassified or possibly hybrids. Out of the 254 polymorphic bands, 16 were found specific to the high oil-content group [A] compared to 95 bands that were specific for the low oil-content group [B]. In group A, two bands, P1.23 and P2.28, were found fixed as present in group A while absent from group B, the bands were scored from the primer pairs 1 and 2 of 297 and 140 bp, respectively; and considered as positive markers to high-oil content. However, no negative marker was found. When the two possible hybrids were inspected, the positive marker number 1 [PP1.23] was found consistent and absents in the two samples, which increase its validity as a positive marker for high-oil content, while was not the same case for the second marker. Comparing both the whole dataset and the selected markers using AMOVA and PCoA, the elucidated markers should higher genetic differentiation among the studied groups than the whole dataset. The selected markers can be applied for markerassistant selection breeding program and early preselection of high-oil content samples for future studies related to the oil content in Mentha sp.