leishmaniasis is a disease of global concern, Leishmania types and distribution rates vary from country to another. For visceral leishmaniasis serum samples were examined by the kala-azar dipstick rapid test. Meanwhile smears were taken from lesions, air dried, fixed and Leishman stained then microscopically examined for amstigote stage in cutaneous leishmaniasis. From April 2014 to April 2015, 150 samples for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and 108 serum sample for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) from in and out patients in Pediatric, Azadi Teaching and Kirkuk General Hospitals were examined. The incidence of visceral leishmaniasis was very low (2.7%) comparing to that in cutaneous leishmaniasis (64.6%). No significant differences had appeared between the cutaneous leishmaniasis incidence in male or female. The most age group infected with cutaneous leishmaniasis in both genders was 5 ≤ years old, with rate of 26.1% in male and a rate of 15.8% in female. Significantly high frequency of the patients were presented with only one or two lesions with rate of 39.17, 25.7 % for each type of lesions respectively. The most location that infected with CL was hand (27.7%) and high rate of them being moist type (71.13%). In Kirkuk city CL is more prevalent than VL. High rate of CL is moist type locating in the limbs and face. The infection is more frequent in children than in adult. For CL a smear taken from the lesion is much worthy than a lesion blood sample or re aspirated saline injected to the lesion.

This study include determination of the ability to adhere to human uroepithelial cells in three types of local isolates of Salmonella (S.typhi , S.typhimurium , S. montevideo) and compared this ability with standard strains (S.typhi 5535 , S.paratyphi B 5542 , S. paratyphi C a-55108). The results showed that all isolates were able to adhere to Human uroepithelial cells, and found that the standard strains adhered more efficiently than local isolates, but the statistical analysis revealed that there was no significant difference in adhesion rates between local and standard isolates. The results also showed that among the local isolates, the bacteria S. montevideo adhered in higher numbers than did other species, whereas the highest adherence among standard strains was by S. typhi 5535.

The study included the isolation and identification of Shigella species from stool and rectal swabs of children less than 13 years suffering acute and bloody diarrhea attended Azadi General and children's hospital in Kirkuk city, using cultural tests on selective and differential media, biochemical test and the results were confirmed by using API20E system and serological tests. Among (305) stool and rectal swabs samples, (3) isolates of Shigella (0.98%) isolated, (2) isolates belonged to Shigella flexneri , the other isolates belonged to Shigella sonnei. The study of some virulence characters were also performed for shigella isolates. The ability to survival under acidic condition in medium at PH 2.5 and alkaline conditions in medium at PH 9.8 , the result reveal that their survival rate varied widely, after 2-hr from (16-79%) under acidic condition and (4-22%) under alkaline conditions. Also the resistance to H 2 O 2 and bile salt were studied and the result showed little varied between Shigella isolated.

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Immunoligical study among pregnant and non-pregnant women with ... 69‫رضي‬ ‫ال‬ ‫تالحاالت‬ ‫نة‬ ‫مشار‬ ‫ة‬ ‫امن‬ ‫الحو‬ ‫النساا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫التوليه‬ ‫المجار‬ ‫اللتباتات‬ ‫أابرت‬ ‫الحاالت‬ ‫ـه‬ ‫عالي‬ ‫ـتويات‬ ‫مس‬ ‫ـيه‬ ‫اض‬ ‫الالاعر‬ ‫ـخ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ـن‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ـخ‬ ‫م‬ IgG ‫و‬ IgM ‫و‬ C3 ‫و‬ C4 ‫ل‬ ‫ـدت‬ ‫وج‬ ‫ـا‬ ‫تينم‬ IgA ‫ـي‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫رض‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ـاالت‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫الح‬ ‫ـن‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ـه‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫عالي‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ـتنتجت‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫اس‬ : ‫ـتنتا‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫االس‬ . ‫ـة‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫اس‬ ‫الدر‬ ‫ـة‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫الحالي‬ ‫ـه‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫التولي‬ ‫ـار‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫المج‬ ‫ـات‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫التبات‬ ‫اخ‬ ‫ـاهر‬ ‫ما‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫مخت‬ ‫ـخ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ـر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ت‬ ‫سد‬ ‫الحمن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ـة‬ ‫المناع‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫طي‬ ‫الخ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ـدهما‬ ‫اح‬ ‫ـدهر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ـا‬ ‫تم‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ـا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ـدهما‬ ‫اج‬ ‫تو‬ ‫ـاخ‬ ‫ـذا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ايخر‬ . AbstractIn this study an attempt was carried out to: estimate the: 1prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy, its causative agents and their sensitivity pattern in Kirkuk city.2-Role of humoral immune response in women with symptomatic and a symptomatic urinary tract infection through the measuring of IgG,IgA, IgM,C 3 and C 4 levels in urine and serum of patients and comparing them with corresponding levels of healthy control groups.The results showed that the prevalence of asymptomatic (UTI) in pregnancy was (10%). E.coli was the commonest causative bacteria in both pregnant and non-pregnant with symptomatic and a symptomatic (UTI).The antibiotic ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone and gentamicin was the most effectiveRegarding the immunological study: pregnant and non-pregnant subjects with symptomatic (UTI) showed significant increase in the level of IgG and IgA and no significant differences was noticed in the level of IgM as compared with control group. Significant differences between pregnant and non-pregnant subjects with symptomatic (UTI) was observed only in the level of IgM.Pregnant subjects with symptomatic (UTI) showed a significant decrease in the level of C 4 as compared to control group, any significant differences were not observed between pregnant and non-pregnant in the level of C 3 and C 4 .Compared to symptomatic (UTI) in pregnant subject asymptomatic (UTI) subjects recorded the highest serum levels of IgG,IgM, C 3 andC 4, while the highest values of IgA was found in symptomatic UTI. Conclusion:-Bacteriuria or pregnancy changes different aspects of humoral immunity, thus the co-existence of pregnancy and bacteriuria may influence each other.