Chylothorax is a rare cause of pleural effusion in children, and it is usually difficult to identify the location of chyle leakage due to the small size of the thoracic duct in children. Herein we report an infant case with chylothorax whose leakage of the thoracic duct was successfully located by magnetic resonance lymphangiography (MRL) using pre-contrast MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and gadodiamideenhanced spectral presaturation inversion recovery (SPIR) T 1 -weighted imaging, which demonstrate the imaging method is easy and effective for detecting the focal disruption of the thoracic duct in children with chylothorax and younger than 8 months old.Chin Med Sci J 2017; 32(4): 265-268.

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Background: This study aimed to explore the clinical manifestations of adenovirus infections and the epidemiologic factors for subsequent co-infection in children from Hangzhou, China.Methods: In this retrospective study, the characteristics of children with adenovirus infections presenting at Hangzhou Children’s Hospital and Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital from January to December in 2019 were collected. The epidemiologic factors for co-infection were assessed by the multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: A total of 5,989 children presented with adenovirus infections, of which 559 children were hospitalized for adenovirus respiratory infections. The severity of adenovirus respiratory infection was divided as follows: mild (bronchiolitis, 73.6%), moderate (bronchopneumonia, 17.6%), or severe (pneumonia, 8.8%). Of the 559 children who were hospitalized, 267 presented with co-infection, while the remaining 292 only had adenovirus infections. Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that a longer duration of hospitalization was associated with an increased risk of co-infection (Odds ratio [OR]: 1.048; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.011-1.087; P = 0.0107). However, increased procalcitonin was associated with a reduced risk of co-infection (OR: 0.677; 95% CI: 0.462-0.992; P = 0.0456). Conclusions: The study indicated that most children with adenovirus respiratory infections showed mild manifestations, and the risk of co-infection was significantly correlated with the duration of hospitalization and procalcitonin level.