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In order to investigate the effect of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behavior on dynamic softening behavior of wrought Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al titanium alloy, a series of laboratory scale isothermal hot compression tests with a height reduction of 60% were performed in a temperature range of 948 K∼1023 K in the (s + b) phase field, and a strain rate range of 0.01∼10 s −1 on a Gleeble-3500 thermomechanical simulator. The flow curves show a continuous softening at all strain rate after peak stress. The constitutive equation and the DRX kinetic mold were established to study the dynamic softening based on the flow curves. By the regression analysis for conventional hyperbolic sine equation, the activation energy was determined as Q = 479.4169 kJ·mol −1 , According to the strain hardening rate curves (ds/de versus s ), two characteristic parameters including the critical strain for DRX initiation (e c ) and the strain for peak stress (e p ) were identified, and the linear dependence of the critical strain (e c ) for DRX initiation on the strain for peak stress (e p ) can be specified by the equation: e c = 0.5667e p . A modified Avrami type equa-was introduced to characterize the evolution of DRX volume fraction. The evolution of DRX volume was described as the following: for a fixed strain rate, the strain required for the same amount of DRX volume fraction increases with decreasing deformation temperature, in contrast, for a fixed temperature, it increases with increasing strain rate. Finally, the impact of dynamic recrystallized behavior on degree of dynamic softening became weaker and weaker with the increasing of temperature for the strain rate of 0.01 s −1 , 0.1 s −1 , 1 s −1 and 10 s −1 , due to the volume of a phase decreased with the increasing of temperature.

The isothermal compressions of as-forged Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloy at the deformation temperature range of 948–1,123 K and the strain rates in the range of 0.001–10 s−1 with a height reduction of 60% were conducted on a Gleeble-3500 thermo-mechanical simulator. The flow behaviors show nonlinear sensitivity to strain, strain rate and temperature. Based on the experimental data, an artificial neural network (ANN) with back-propagation algorithm was developed to deal with the complex deformation behavior characteristics. In the present ANN model, strain, strain rate and temperature were taken as inputs, and flow stress as output. A comparative study on the constitutive relationships based on regression and ANN methods was conducted. According to the predicted and experimental results, the predictabilities of the two models have been evaluated in terms of correlation coefficient (R) and average absolute relative error (AARE). The R-value and the AARE-value at strain of 0.5 from the ANN model is 0.9998 and 0.572%, respectively, better than 0.9902 and 6.583% from the regression model. The predicted strain–stress curves outside of experimental conditions indicate similar characteristics with experimental curves. The results have sufficiently articulated that the well-trained ANN model with back-propagation algorithm has excellent capability to deal with the complex flow behaviors of as-forged Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloy.

The hot workability of Ti-6Al-4V alloy was investigated according to the measured stress-strain data and their derived forms from a series of hot compressions at the temperatures of 1,023-1,323 K and strain rates of 0.01-10 s −1 with a height reduction of 60%. As the true strain was 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9, respectively, the response maps of strain rate sensitivity (m-value), power dissipation efficiency (η-value) and instability parameter (-value) to temperature and strain rate were developed on the basis of dynamic material model (DMM). Then the processing map was obtained by superimposition of the power dissipation and the instability maps. According to the processing map, the stable regions (η > 0 and > 0) and unstable regions (η < 0 or < 0) were clarified clearly. Further, the stable regions (temperatures of 1,198-1,248 K and strain rates of 0.01-0.1 s −1 ) with higher η value ( > 0.3) corresponding to the ideal deformation mechanisms involving globularization and superplasticity were identified and recommended. The microstructures of the deformed samples were then observed by microscopy. And homogeneous microstructures with refined grains were found in the recommended parameter domains. The optimal working parameter domains identified by processing map and validated by microstructure observations contribute to the design in reasonable hot forming process of Ti-6Al-4V alloy without resorting to expensive and time-consuming trial-and-error methods.

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