The equilibrium between dc bus voltage and ac bus frequency (Udc-f equilibrium) is the algorithm core of unified control strategies for ac-dc interlinking converters (ILCs), because the equilibrium implements certain mechanism. However, what the mechanism is has not been explicitly explored, which hinders further studies on unified control. This paper reveals that the state-space model of a Udc-f equilibrium controlled ILC is highly similar to that of a shaft-to-shaft machines system. Hence a detailed mechanism is discovered and named "virtual shaft-to-shaft machine (VSSM)" mechanism. A significant feature of VSSM mechanism is self-synchronization without current sampling or ac voltage sampling.

This paper establishes a robust model to adjust the hourly load level in response to hourly electricity price of a given consumer .The objective of the model is to maximize the utility of the consumer subject to a minimum daily energy supply level, maximum and minimum hourly demand levels, and ramping limits on such demand levels. Unknown price is forecasted through neural network with a confidence interval. A simple bidirectional communication device between the power supplier and the consumer enables the achievement of the proposed model. Numerical simulations are provided.

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