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The study on trypanosomosis of donkeys was conducted from October 2009 to March 2010 in four districts of Awi zone including Jawi district of tsetse infested, Abadera and Chara districts found at the edge of tsetse infested area and Dangla of tsetse free district. A total of 384 randomly selected donkeys (86 from Abadera, 87 from Chara, 94 from Dangla and 117 from Jawi) were sampled and examined using haematocrit centrifugation technique. The overall prevalence of trypanosomosis of donkeys was 1.6% (n=6). The observed prevalence was not significantly (P > 0.05) different among the four districts. Trypanosoma vivax (75%) and Trypanosoma congolense (25%) were the most common trypanosome species encountered during the study period. No significance difference was observed between male and female donkeys both in prevalence of infection and mean PCV (P > 0.05). The mean PCV of infected donkey (23.50 ± 3.782) was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that of non infected donkeys (34.70 ± 4.44). The body condition score of the donkey was significantly associated with both prevalence of infection and mean PCV (P < 0.05). The study revealed that trypanosomosis in donkeys in the study areas indicates the presence of both cyclical and non-cyclical transmitted trypanosomes which require inclusion of equines in the control program of trypanosomosis in the study areas.

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A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence and identification of GIT parasites of sheep and goats in two selected districts of Afar from December 2014 to February 2016. Totally 590 faecal samples were collected from small ruminants (332 goat and 258 sheep) managed in pastoral and agro-pastoral production. Out of the total examined small ruminant 87.8% (518) were found to harbor one or more genera of helminth parasites. The result of the study revealed that 92.2% (306) of the goats and 82.2% (212) of the sheep were found positive for GIT parasites. Helminth parasites identified in small ruminant of the study area were Strongyles, Fasciola, Strongyloides, Paramphistomum, Trichuris, Ascaris and Monezia. The risk of infection with GIT helminth parasites in goats were 4.009 times higher than sheep (OR=4.009, p=0.011). Age and sex related difference was not observed in the prevalence of helminth parasites in sheep and goats. Significantly (OR=0.119, p=0.000) higher prevalence of overall helminth parasites in poor body condition sheep and goats than good body condition was observed. Likewise significant variation in overall parasite prevalence was observed between the study districts (OR=0.169, p=0.000). In this study, species of the animals, origin, and body condition score are important risk factors associated with gastrointestinal parasites in the study area. In the study area nutrition is generally poor, low productivity in small ruminants is likely to be aggravated by a high prevalence of polyparasitism.

Across sectional study was conducted from December 2014 to February 2015 to determine the prevalence of Fasciolosis and associated risk factors of small ruminant in selected districts of Lower Awash River Basin. A total of 295 faecal samples were collected from (166 goat and 129 sheep), kept under pastoral and agro-pastoral area. Out of the total 295 faecal samples examined 32.5% (259) were found positive to Fasciola infection. The result revealed that significantly higher prevalence of Fasciola infection was observed in goats 37.9% (63) than sheep 25.6% (33). The risk of Fasciolosis in goats were 0.477 times higher than sheep (OR=0.477, p<.048). Animals with poor body condition had higher (44.5%) prevalence than animals with good body condition (13.3%). Significantly (OR=3.513, p<0.001) higher prevalence of disease was observed in animals managed under agro-pastoral production system than those kept in pastoral production. Like wise significant variation in prevalence was observed between the flocks contain both species of animal and contain only sheep or goat (OR=0.354, p<0.036). However, the prevalence of Fasciola infection was not significantly different between male and female animals. In the study area animal nutrition and social awareness on the importance of Fasciola infection is generally poor; low productivity in small ruminants is likely to be aggravated by a high prevalence of Fasciola. Hence, urgent and organized control strategies should be designed and implemented as milk of small ruminant is main source of food for pastoralists.