To study the loading-rate dependence of four types of rocks in the peak and postfailure regions, the alternative strain rate test method is employed in conducting triaxial compressive tests under different confining pressure and moisture conditions. An index of the loading-rate dependence in the postfailure region is proposed, and the effects of confining pressure and moisture condition on the index are analyzed. The reliability of the test results is verified by comparing the experimental and calculated results of stress relaxation. Following are the results. (1) The peak strength and postfailure behavior significantly depend on the loading rate. The indices (nc and nd) of the loading-rate dependence in the postfailure region obtained based on the elastic and unloading moduli show a good linear relationship. It is feasible to use nc to evaluate the loading-rate dependence of rocks in the postfailure region. (2) The loading-rate dependence of the rock strength increases with the increase in the confining pressure. The effect of confining pressure on the loading-rate dependence in the postfailure region is related to the moisture condition state. (3) Water-saturation treatment will increase the loading-rate dependence in the peak and postfailure regions, and the effect of water is greater than that of the confining pressure. (4) The experimental and calculated results of stress relaxation in the postfailure region are in good agreement, thus validating the experimental results.

This study aims to investigate the behavior of ground surface settlement in TBM double-line tunnels constructed under existing buildings and to devise a calculative representation for that behavior. Numerical simulation and field monitoring methods were used to examine the Zhongcong Tunnel in Chongqing Metro Line 9. The ground surface settlement was analyzed using an orthogonal test of 3D numerical simulation methods. The results showed that ground surface settlement was influenced by TBM tunneling parameters and the location of the existing building in the following manner. The existing building reduced the settlement trough width. Surface settlement was increased by frictional and palm surface thrust forces but reduced by grouting pressure. The settlement trough width of the first excavation iz correlated with that of the last excavation iy. To accommodate the influence of existing buildings, the tilt factor of the settlement trough TR was introduced to improve the formula for calculating the ground surface settlement of TBM double-line tunnels. The improved formula was validated by comparing the calculated results with actual measurements.

Understanding the time-dependent behavior of rocks is important for ensuring the long-term stability of underground structures. Aspects of such a time-dependent behavior include the loading-rate dependency of Young’s modulus, strength, creep, and relaxation. In particular, the loading-rate dependency of Young’s modulus of rocks has not been fully clarified. In this study, four different types of rocks were tested, and the results were used to analyze the loading-rate dependency of Young’s modulus and explain the underlying mechanism. For all four rocks, Young’s modulus increased linearly with a tenfold increase in the loading rate. The rocks showed the same loading-rate dependency of Young’s modulus. A variable-compliance constitutive equation was proposed for the loading-rate dependency of Young’s modulus, and the calculated results agreed well with measured values. Irrecoverable and recoverable strains were separated by loading-unloading-reloading tests at preset stress levels. The constitutive equations showed that the rate of increase in Young’s modulus increased with the irrecoverable strain and decreased with increasing stress. The increase in the irrecoverable strain was delayed at high loading rates, which was concluded to be the main reason for the increase in Young’s modulus with an increasing loading rate.