ObjectivesThe study aims to elucidate the spectrum, magnitude and determining factors of the major opportunistic infections in PLHIV patients currently receiving HAART.ResultsA retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Tercha Hospital from 744 patient cards. The overall all prevalence of opportunistic infection was 658 (88.4%) developed OIs. Pulmonary tuberculosis, 118 (18%), severe community acquired pneumonia 107 (16.3%) and oral candidiasis 103 (15.6%) were the most common opportunistic infections. Disease stage [AOR = 3.22:95% CI 1.76–5.66], CD4 level [AOR = 2.53:95% CI 1.19–5.37], drug adherence [AOR = 3.02:95% CI 1.57–5.77] and hemoglobin [AOR = 2.49:95% CI 1.34–4.62] showed significant association with OIs. Higher magnitude of opportunistic infection with considerable proportion of AIDS defining illness was detected. So empowerment of skilled man power, health education and provision of antimicrobials is mandatory.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-018-3707-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

ObjectiveThe study aims to assess the burden of intestinal parasites and Salmonellosis among asymptomatic food handlers at meal serving facilities in Sodo town. Antibiotic resistance was also common and increasing among Salmonella isolates with multidrug resistance as current concern.ResultCommunity based cross-sectional study was carried out from 387 food handlers working in meal serving facilities. Food handlers, 159(41%) had one or more intestinal parasites. A. lumbricoides was the most prevalent parasite 30(7.8%), followed by Taenia species 26(6.7%) and Hook worm 23(5.9%). A total number of 35 Salmonella isolates were found of which Sero-group D was the most frequent, 17(48.5%) followed by Sero-group C, 12(34.3%), and B 6(17.1%). Ten (2.5%) isolates were Salmonella typhi. Raw meat eating, hand washing after toilet and after touching dirty materials showed significant association with intestinal pathogens. Salmonella isolates were highly resistant to ampicillin (85.7%), amoxicillin and tetracycline 74.3% each. Multidrug resistance prevalence of 81.8% was identified. Periodic screening of food handlers is important in order to prevent the transmission of intestinal parasites and Salmonellosis. Treatment needs to be based on accurate laboratory detection to mitigate the spread of drug resistant Salmonella strains.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-018-3610-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The use of sanitation facilities is known to interrupt the transmission of fecal-to-oral related disease.Health improvement comes from the proper use of sanitation facilities, not simply their physical presence. This is best achieved through regular use of clean and well maintained latrines. A community based cross-sectional study was conducted to assess latrine utilization and associated factors in the rural community of Chencha district, Gamo Goffa Zone in February 2013. Sample population of 420 households with latrine facilities were selected from 5 sub districts (Kebeles). Multistage systematic random sampling method was used. The structured questionnaire was used for data collection. All types of available latrines were pit latrines. Of which 67.4% latrines were functional and from which 46.4% required maintenance. Among 415 households, overall latrine use was 60% and the remaining 40% households were not using latrine. However, over all persistent utilization was 31.08%. Main reasons for non-use or non-persistent use of latrine were lack of functional latrine, stay out for farming and lack of supra structure of latrine. self-initiation (AOR (95% CI) = 6.480(2.772-15.379), p<0.001), peer influence (AOR (95% CI)= 3.111(1.470-6.584), p= 0.003), length of years since latrine was constructed ((AOR (95% CI) = 0.219(0.133-0.362) P<0.001), and educational status of the heads of households ((AOR (95% CI) = 3.293 (1.969-5.506) P<0.001) were the major predictors affecting utilization of latrines. In conclusion, Latrine status and utilization in rural community of Chencha district was found to be very low and needed attention to promote hygiene and sanitation behavior in the community.

Background: Long-acting contraceptive methods can play a pivotal role in reducing maternal mortality. In Etiopia, the total fertility rate per woman is 4.6. However, this rapid population growth is not in line with the weak economic growth of the country. Therefore, this study was performed to explore the lived experiences of women who underwent early removal of long-acting contraceptive methods in Bedesa town, Southern Ethiopia.Methods: A phenomenological study design was employed to include a total of 10 in-depth interviews of sampled women. Participants were recruited through the criterion sampling method. Open code version 4.03 was used to code and facilitate analysis. Transcripts were read and re-read separately to identify emerging themes. A thematic analysis technique was used.Results: This study revealed that the side effects of long-acting family planning methods were the main reason for early removal. Furthermore, heavy and irregular menses were mentioned as the most frequently occurring side effects. Delayed fertility after removal of long-acting contraceptives was one of the most frequently stated fears by clients. It was also stated that counseling provided by health professionals was not adequate.Conclusion: The majority of study participants taught that the side effects of long-acting family planning methods outweigh the benefits. In addition, the counseling services provided by health care providers were not adequate. Therefore, proper counseling services should be given to mothers who are taking long-acting family planning methods.

Background Long-acting contraceptive methods can play a pivotal role in ining reducing maternal mortality. In The total fertility rate of Ethiopia is as high as 4.6 children per woman, which is manifested by short birth-interval. However, this rapid population growth is not in line with the weak economic growth of the country. Therefore, this study was done to explore the lived experiences of women who underwent early removal of long-acting contraceptive methods in Bedesa town, Southern Ethiopia. Methods A phenomenological study design was employed from April 16–22, 2020 to conduct this qualitative study among Bedessa town community. Individual In-depth interviews were used to collect data from a sampled study participants recruited through criterion sampling method. Based on the theoretical saturation of data, this study included a total of 10 in-depth interviews of sampled women.. Open code version 4.03 was used to code and facilitate analysis. The study used thematic analysis technique after the transcripts were read and re-read separately by the investigators to identify emerging themes. Results This study revealed that the majority of participants were able to mention at least three types of contraceptive methods. Participants frequently said that the side effect of the long-acting family planning methods as the main reason for early removal. Furthermore, heavy and irregular menses were mentioned as the most frequently occurring side effects. Delayed fertility after removal of long-acting contraceptive was one of frequently stated fear by the clients. Some of the participants indicated that counseling provided by health professionals was not adequate. Conclusion The majority of our study participants taught that the side effects of long-acting family planning methods outweigh than benefits. Besides, the counseling service provided by health care providers was not adequate. Therefore, proper counseling services should be given to mothers who are taking long-acting family planning methods.