Purpose: To comprehensively compare visual quality between small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (tPRK). Methods: Sixty-four eyes in the SMILE group and 42 eyes in the tPRK group were enrolled in this study. In both groups, visual acuity, manifest refraction, higher-order aberrations (HOAs), contrast sensitivity (CS) at four spatial frequencies (3, 6, 12, 18 c/d) under three conditions (photopic, low glare, high glare), the cut-off value of the modulation transfer function (MTFcut-off), the objective scatter index (OSI) and the Strehl ratio (SR) were measured preoperatively and 1, 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Results: At 6 months postoperatively, the SMILE and tPRK groups showed similar safety, efficacy and predictability. Additionally, MTFcut-off, SR and OSI exhibited comparable results. In contrast, the photopic area under the logarithm of the CS function (AULCSF) showed better outcomes in the tPRK group than in the SMILE group (SMILE versus tPRK: 1.21 AE 0.10 versus 1.25 AE 0.09, p = 0.014). Furthermore, the induced coma aberrations were larger in the SMILE group (SMILE versus tPRK: 0.10 AE 0.16 versus 0.06 AE 0.12, 95% CI [0.08, 0.31], p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Both SMILE and tPRK obtained comparable visual quality at 6 months postoperatively, accompanied by better photopic CS and smaller induced coma aberrations with tPRK. Paying more attention to alignment or developing a centration technique would be beneficial for visual quality when performing SMILE.

Background The mental well-being of patients with chronic heart failure is likely to influence their health-related quality of life and decrease the utilization of public health resources . This study assessed the mental well-being of patients with chronic heart failure and evaluated the reliability and validity of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey from July 2016 to July 2017 among 191 patients with chronic heart failure, and examined psychometric properties of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale, such as internal consistency, reliability, test-retest reliability, and factorial validity of the Chinese version of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale. Results One-dimensional construct validity was demonstrated by confirmatory factor analysis. The psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale were satisfactory in our sample of patients with chronic heart failure. The internal consistency reliability was .948 and the test-retest reliability .925. The item-total correlations ranged from .405 to .872. There was a strong correlation ( r = .79) between the Chinese version of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale and the five-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index. The Chinese version of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale appears acceptable for use in patients with chronic heart failure, and we were able to verify its reliability and validity with our sample. Conclusions The Chinese version of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale is a reliable quantitative tool for evaluating mental well-being in patients with chronic heart failure in clinical settings, and this has important implications for overall assessments of mental well-being in patients with chronic heart failure. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12955-019-1120-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Background Worldwide, mental well-being is a critical issue for public health, especially among medical staff; it affects professionalism, efficiency, quality of care delivery, and overall quality of life. Nevertheless, assessing mental well-being is a complex problem. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Chinese-language version of the 14-item Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) in medical staff recruited mainly from 6 hospitals in China and provide a reliable measurement of positive mental well-being. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was conducted of medical staff from 15 provinces in China from May 15 to July 15, 2020. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to test the structure of the Chinese WEMWBS. The Spearman correlations of the Chinese WEMWBS with the 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5) were used to evaluate convergent validity. The Cronbach α and split-half reliability (λ) represented internal consistency. A graded response model was adopted for an item response theory (IRT) analysis. We report discrimination, difficulty, item characteristic curves (ICCs), and item information curves (IICs). ICCs and IICs were used to estimate reliability and validity based on the IRT analysis. Results A total of 572 participants from 15 provinces in China finished the Chinese WEMWBS. The CFA showed that the 1D model was satisfactory and internal consistency reliability was excellent, with α=.965 and λ=0.947, while the item-scale correlation coefficients ranged from r=0.727 to r=0.900. The correlation coefficient between the Chinese WEMWBS and the WHO-5 was significant, at r=0.746. The average variance extraction value was 0.656, and the composite reliability value was 0.964, with good aggregation validity. The discrimination of the Chinese WEMWBS items ranged from 2.026 to 5.098. The ICCs illustrated that the orders of the category thresholds for the 14 items were satisfactory. Conclusions The Chinese WEMWBS showed good psychometric properties and can measure well-being in medical staff.

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