Building information modelling (BIM) can be applied to tunnel engineering to address a number of problems, including complex structure, extensive design, long construction cycle and increased security risks. To promote the development of tunnel engineering in China, this paper combines actual cases, including the Xingu mountain tunnel and the Shigu Mountain tunnel, to systematically analyse BIM applications in tunnel engineering in China. The results indicate that BIM technology in tunnel engineering is currently mainly applied during the design stage rather than during construction and operation stages. The application of BIM technology in tunnel engineering covers many problems, such as a lack of standards, incompatibility of different software, disorganized management, complex combination with GIS (Geographic Information System), low utilization rate and poor awareness. In this study, through summary of related research results and engineering cases, suggestions are introduced and an outlook for the BIM application in tunnel engineering in China is presented, which provides guidance for design optimization, construction standards and later operation maintenance.

This study introduces a method to obtain accurate results regarding bridge seismic cost and reduce structural seismic losses. A three-span reinforced concrete (RC) continuous bridges model consistent with the reality was established, and seismic vulnerability of the RC bridge was calculated via incremental dynamic analysis combined with local earthquake disaster data. Direct losses from earthquakes are calculated based on local earthquake damage condition, specific maintenance reinforcement methods, and analysis of seismic vulnerability. The indirect economic losses caused by inspection and maintenance are calculated based on local traffic volume. To reduce the effects of bridge aging and deterioration, this paper examines periodic inspection of bridges after earthquakes. By calculating the life cycle cost of structure under different inspection frequencies, the optimal time interval was determined. The results presented for this study can serve as references for the calculation of structural seismic loss and thereby provide the basis for strategies of reducing seismic loss.

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Referring to CATIA's 'assemblies + parts' modeling method, CATIA-based BIM (Building Information Modeling) technology has been proposed for highway tunnel design in this paper. A tunnel BIM is created by CATIA, which is based on a real case in China, focusing on the following 3 aspects: (1) Creating tunnel bolts by UDF + Loop cyclic arrangement method; (2) Using Sketch Tracer module to create tunnel portal; (3) Parameter is used to create and call the Catalog database. Then, bolt collision inspection and U-shaped groove concrete statistics are conducted with the help of the tunnel BIM created. Finally, the finite element analysis of tunnel construction process is carried out through the CATIA-Midas interface. The results demonstrate that the CATIAbased BIM technology can well adapt to the characteristics of tunnel and have well potential applications in tunnel design.

In view of the degradation of the existing structure of the school buildings in the old city and the need to update the education model in the new period, whether to upgrade the function of the school building has become a key issue for the education department to improve the quality of teaching. In the process of renovation, there are many challenges in the design and construction of how to upgrade and renovate the school buildings with excellent historical buildings with a long history in the old city with dense buildings and public facilities. This paper takes the renovation of excellent historical buildings at No. 95 Huqiu Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai as an example. Through the description of the buildings and implementation process, it highlights the important role played by technological innovation in the upgrading and renovation of school buildings.