As cancer mortality is high in most regions of the world, early screening of cancer has become increasingly important. Minimally invasive screening programs that use peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are a new and reliable strategy that can achieve early detection of tumors by identifying marker genes. From 797 datasets, four (GSE12771, GSE24536, GSE27562, and GSE42834) including 428 samples, 236 solid tumor cases, and 192 healthy controls were chosen according to the inclusion criteria. A total of 285 genes from among 440 reported genes were selected by meta-analysis. Among them, 4 of the top significantly differentially expressed genes (ANXA1, IFI44, IFI44L, and OAS1) were identified as marker genes of PBMCs. Pathway enrichment analysis identified, two significant pathways, the 'primary immunodeficiency' pathway and the 'cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction' pathway. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis revealed the top 27 hubs with a degree centrality greater than 23 to be hub genes. We also identified 3 modules in Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) analysis: Cluster 1 (related to ANXA1), Cluster 2 (related to IFI44 and IFI44L) and Cluster 3 (related to OAS1). Among the 4 marker genes, IFI44, IFI44L, and OAS1 are potential diagnostic biomarkers, even though their results were not as remarkable as those for ANXA1 in our study. ANXA1 is involved in the immunosuppressive mechanism in tumor-bearing hosts and may be used in a new strategy involving the use of the host's own immunity to achieve tumor suppression.

Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a cancer with a poor prognosis. Many recent studies have suggested that pyroptosis is important in tumour progression. However, the role of pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) in HCC remains unclear. Materials and methods We identified differentially expressed PRGs in tumours versus normal tissues. Through univariate, LASSO, and multivariate Cox regression analyses, a prognostic PRG signature was established. The signature effectiveness was evaluated by time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (t-ROC) curve and Kaplan–Meier (KM) survival analysis. The signature was validated in the ICGC (LIRI-JP) cohort. In addition, single-sample gene enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) showed the infiltration of major immune cell types and the activity of common immune pathways in different subgroups. Results Twenty-nine pyroptosis-related DEGs from The Cancer Genome Atlas-Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (TCGA-LIHC) dataset were detected, and four genes (CTSV, CXCL8, MKI67 and PRF1) among them were selected to construct a prognostic signature. Then, the patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups. The pyroptosis-related signature was significantly associated with overall survival (OS). In addition, the patients in the high-risk group had lower levels of immune infiltration. Conclusion The prognostic signature for HCC based on 4 pyroptosis-related genes has reliable prognostic and predictive value for HCC patients.

Although thyroid cancer is a frequent clinical tumor, it mostly affects young individuals, with an average age of around 40 years old, in contrast to the features of general cancer in the elderly. The outcomes of patients with undifferentiated THCA are still quite bad, despite the fact that full surgical resection and radiation have greatly increased the survival rate of patients with THCA. Therefore, improved patient prognostic interventions may be made by the discovery of the immune-related prognostic gene and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) biomarker connected to the thyroid cancer microenvironment. The research obtained mRNA and lncRNA data from the TCGA database ( https://portal.gdc.cancer.gov ) for THCA patients, and it downloaded IRGs data from Import Shared Data ( https://www.Immport.org ). Then, a weighted gene co-expression network was constructed in order to identify the main modules connected to THCA. To determine the prognosis of THCA, immune-related long non-coding RNA (IR-lncRNA) and 11 mRNA classifiers were produced after univariate Cox regression analysis of all IRGs in the core module. Furthermore, the sample was split into two groups: high-risk and low-risk groups based on the classifier's risk score calculation. Through the use of the ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT algorithms in comparison to the two groups, we investigated more closely at the THCA samples' tumor microenvironment. Finally, we discovered three small molecules that may be useful therapeutically treating THCA patients with high risk. And our findings indicate IRG and IR-lncRNA-based classifiers may serve as trustworthy prognostic indicators for THCA survival.

Chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7), a member of the CCR family genes, encodes CCR to bind chemokines and exert multiple types of biological processes. It has been evident that CCR7 can play a crucial role in cancer development and progression. Our study has investigated the value of CCR7 expression in the diagnosis and prognosis and immunological signatures of CCR7. Through the utilization of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype-Tissue Expression Project (GTEx), The Human Protein Atlas (HPA), TIMER, TISIDB, GSEA, GeneMANIA, The Cancer single-cell state Atlas (CancerSEA), UALCAN, Shiny Methylation Analysis Resource Tool (SMART), MethSurv, and cBioPortal database, we used bioinformatics methods to conduct pan-cancer analysis, including differential expression, clinical evaluation, tumor microenvironment (TME) and immune-related analysis, GSEA, functional association analysis, DNA mutation and methylation level, and microsatellite instability (MSI) and tumor mutation burden (TMB). Our results showed that the expression of CCR7 showed significant differentiation between tumor tissues and normal tissues. CCR7 had the potential to be a biomarker in the diagnosis and prognosis of patients. Moreover, the CCR7 expression was closely associated with immune cell infiltration, immune-related genes, TMB, MSI, and DNA mutation. Through GSEA, it was revealed that CCR7 had a strong correlation with multiple immunological functions. Overall, we testified that CCR7 could be a novel tool for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer patients. Moreover, the correlation between CCR7 and TME and immunological processes elucidated the value of CCR7 as a target in cancer immunotherapy.