To explore the demographic patterns of hospitalizations related to prescription opioid overdose (POD) and evaluate the mortality risk of association in POD inpatients. MethodologyWe conducted a cross-sectional study using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample of 184,711 POD inpatients. A binomial logistic regression model was used to evaluate the odds ratio (OR) of association for mortality risk due to comorbidities (substance use disorders (SUD) and medical complications) in POD inpatients. ResultsPOD inpatients were majorly females (54.1%), older adults aged 51-75 years (48.5%), whites (81.5%), and from lower household income quartet (32.8%). The most prevalent comorbid SUD among POD inpatients was alcohol (15.7%), followed by cannabis (5.7%), cocaine (4.2%), and amphetamine (1.8%). Comorbid alcohol use disorders had a minimally increased association with mortality but were not statistically significant (OR = 1.036; P = 0.438). POD in patients with cardiac arrest had the highest risk of mortality (OR = 103.423; P < 0.001), followed by shock (OR = 15.367; P < 0.001), coma (OR = 13.427; P < 0.001), and respiratory failure (OR = 12.051; P < 0.001). ConclusionsOur study indicates that the hospitalizations related to POD were more prevalent among females, elders between 51 and 75 years of age, whites, and those in the lower household income quartet. The prevalence of prescription opioid use and the hospitalization related to POD remains a significant public health issue. POD inpatients with medical complications were at a higher risk of mortality than with comorbid SUD.

In this study, we aimed to explore the independent association between cannabis use disorders (CUD) and peptic ulcer disease (PUD)-related hospitalization, and then to delineate the demographic differences among PUD inpatients with versus without CUD. MethodologyWe conducted a cross-sectional study using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample of 50,444,133 patients. We then subgrouped them into PUD and non-PUD cohorts. We compared non-PUD and PUD cohorts using bivariate analysis to delineate the differences in demographics and comorbid risk factors (chronic lung disease, chronic kidney disease, liver disease, diabetes, chronic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, tobacco abuse, and alcohol abuse). We used logistic regression analysis to measure the odds ratio (OR) of the association between CUD and PUD-related hospitalization. ResultsThe prevalence of PUD was 0.14% (N = 70,898) among the total inpatient population. It was more prevalent in whites (65%) and males were at higher odds (OR: 1.11; P < 0.001) of being hospitalized for PUD. After controlling for potential comorbid risk factors and demographic confounders, the odds of association between CUD and PUD-related hospitalization were statistically significant (OR: 1.18; P < 0.001). ConclusionsCUD was associated with a modest but significant increase of 18% in the likelihood of hospitalization for PUD. With the legalization of cannabis use and its increasing and problematic consumption, it is imperative to understand the impact of cannabis use on the physical health of patients and the related gastrointestinal problems.

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Bhandari et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY 4.0., which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.