No abstract

This study was executed to evaluate molecular variations among 13 genotypes of Vicia faba from Egypt and Kurdistan of Iraq for use in crop breeding programs in Kurdistan. The genetic relationships have been detected among these genotypes using ISSR and SCoT markers. Ten and twelve primers had successfully generated reproducible polymorphic amplicons that were suitable for studying the genetic variability between studied genotypes. Out of 225 clear amplicons detected, (77 for ISSR and 92 for SCoT were polymorphic) with 70.71 and 70.03 polymorphism %, respectively. SCoT markers provided more discriminating data and were more informative with high UM%, DI, and Rp values (37.0, 0.23, and 3.81, respectively) compared with ISSR markers (25.7, 0.21, and 3.50, respectively). Cluster analysis and PCo analysis based on ISSR-SCoT combined data succeeded in the description of genetic diversity and heterogeneity within studied genotypes. Hence, setting the studied genotypes into four major groups. The first group included check variety only while the second group included sakha1, sakha3 and sakha4, the third group included only Giza843, and the last group contained all other genotypes, including all studied cultivars from Kurdistan. Crosses between divergent genotypes out of these groups may lead to the development of effective breeding strategies in the future. Therefore, we recommend more studies on the genetic improvement of these cultivars and their inclusion in breeding programs in Kurdistan of Iraq due to the significant genetic differences between them.

Twenty-one chickpea genotypes were tested to evaluate genetic variation in some agronomic traits, heritability and genetic advance. The experiment was conducted in field crops during the 2018 -2019 growing season. A Randomized Complete Block Design (CRD) with three replications was used; data were collected for days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, the height of the first pod from the ground, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, biological yield per plant, seed yield per plant, harvest index and 100-seed weight. Analysis of variance showed a highly significant mean square difference for all traits except the number of pods per plant, harvest index and 100-seed weight. Genotypes (7,18) were more distinctive than the other genotypes in most characteristics. The high value of the genotypic coefficient of variation was found for biological yield per plant (29. 772), seed yield per plant (24.757) and the number of primary branches (24.849). High heritability was recorded for the first pod height from the ground (67.8) and plant height (60.8). High expected genetic advance as a percentage of the mean was estimated for biological yield per plant (41.144), seed yield per plant (39.61), and the number of primary branches per plant (38.382). Keywords genetic variability, Heritability, genetic advance, Chickpea..