Objective: Due to the increase in the development of chronic Type II Diabetes among old working adults due to the role and levels of Vitamin D. The research was conducted for the exploration of the same research topic. This research aims to investigate the association between type II diabetes and vitamin D levels in the old working adults (above the age of 45 years). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional research was conducted in the premises of Lahore which included a total of 1821 working employees of various institutes, firms and companies. The study included males (83%) and females (17%). The mean age of the research participants was 52±5.5 years. A self-report was used for the assessment of the sociodemographic data of the individuals included in the research. Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) and Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) were assessed by blood samples for the determination of diabetes and vitamin D level status. We included four categories of vitamin D including <10, 10-19.9, 20-29.9 and ≥30 with measuring unit as ng/ml. Respective Bivariate associations between the composite indicator and vitamin D categories for diabetes mellitus were either self-reported or FPG ≥ 126 mg/dl / HbA1c ≥ 6.5%. Further associations were also made through multivariate models in order to investigate potential controlling cofounders. Results: Increasing FPG has a direct association with severe vitamin D level deficiency (<10 ng/ml) for the FPG values of β, 95% Confidence Interval and P-Value respectively 3.13; 0.78, 5.47 and ≤0.01 and HbA1c values for β, 95% Confidence Interval and P-Value respectively 0.15; 0.08, 0.23 and ≤0.001) which were adjusted in the linear regression models. Multivariate models show that after controlling potential models diabetes mellitus was also associated with deficiency of vitamin D levels with values of OR, 95% Confidence Interval and P-Value respectively 2.55; 1.16, 5.62 and ≤0.05). Practical implication: Vit-D can be used as an essential dose for older DM patients. Conclusion: The outcomes of the research reflect that there is an association between deficiency of vitamin D and diabetes mellitus among older working adults working in different corporate and commercial sectors. The identification of risk is unique with respect to the location and working environment of the individuals who were screened for diabetes mellitus. Keywords: Cardiovascular disease, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, diabetes mellitus (DM), older adults.

Aim: References values (RVs) remain being utilized for the radiation quantities from specific bits of radiography apparatus to doses from comparable equipment evaluated in nationwide reviews. RVs optional through American Connection of Physicists in Medicine were established from General Assessment of X-ray trends review, which was conducted by government radiation defense services through understanding and also encouragement of United States Food and Drug Government, Symposium of Radioactivity Control Program Executives, and also American College of Radiology. The RVs used by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine approximate 90th percentile of questionnaire results. As a result, hardware that exceeds the RVs uses higher radiation doses than 90% of apparatus in studies. Radioactive quantities for precise projects should be monitored yearly using standardized ghosts, as suggested through USA College of Radiology. Whenever RVs remain reached, medical physicist must examine source too, in collaboration through radiologist in charge, evaluate if such dosages are warranted or even if the imaging equipment must be adjusted to decrease individual radiation quantities. RVs remain important instruments for likening individual radiation exposures across the UK and giving details concerning radiography performance and reliability. Keywords: Diagnostic radiology, Reference Values, Importance, impacts.

Aim: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) guidelines issued by American College of Chest Physicians do not address individuals having inflammatory bowel illness, the class that is at extreme danger of both VTE also gastrointestinal hemorrhagic complications. Individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) should follow our guidelines for prevention and treatment of the VTE. Methods: VTE in IBD samples were reviewed by a comprehensive literature review. As per the Grading of suggestion analysis, formulation, and analysis methodology, the methodological quality and the strength of recommendations were graded. The occupied committee of general and specialty gastroenterologists in addition to thrombosis experts finalized and voted on the principles after they remained established concluded an iterative online platform. Results: Patients suffering with the IBD have just a roughly 3-fold extreme danger of VTE than non-IBD patients. The illness of this disease causes more danderous effacyts tan anyother disease. Anticoagulant thrombo prophylaxis remains suggested for IBD individual whom remain hospitalized having severe IBD flares but no active bleeding, but it remains also indicated once the bleeding is not serious. Anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis is recommended in outpatient clinics through the record of VTE caused through an IBD flare or an senseless VTE, but not or else. The period of anticoagulation afterward the first VTE is determined by existence of inciting variables. There are special considerations for preventing and treating VTE in pediatric in addition pregnant IBD individuals. Conclusion: By following the principles of American College of Chest Physicians as the framework, researchers used findings from IBD research to generate key suggestions for therapy of VTE in our current massive population. Keywords: VTE guidelines, American College of Chest Physicians, inflammatory bowel illness.