Objectives: Undernutrition has received significant attention at global and national levels in recent years but translating this attention into effective action at the country and district levels poses many challenges. We describe the observed national environments that support and challenge actors in moving national multisectoral nutrition policies and plans forward and how this on-going action research (AR) project seeks to strengthen strategic capacities and leadership in Burkina Faso, Mali, Ethiopia and Uganda. Methods: Participant observation and meetings with stakeholders provide insight into the enabling environment and its challenges. This AR then uses boundary-spanning tools such as shared history, practitioner profiles, PAG workshops among others to engage stakeholders in collaborative learning and to facilitate informal strategic and adaptive management approaches to nutrition policies and program implementation. Results: All four countries have developed multisectoral national nutrition policies and/or plans and created coordinating committees. Further multisectoral progress however faces challenges seen elsewhere, such as the dominance of sectoral goals and incentives, uneven understanding of multisectoral roles, responsibilities and leadership; uneven participation and ownership; uneven human and institutional capacities; lack of effective sub-national multisectoral platforms; and persistence of unaligned donor-and NGO-driven approaches. On-going work focuses on the formation of strategic alliances, leadership development, strengthening of sub-national platforms

Introduction: Diabetes is common in Pakistan, with prevalence rates ranged from 7.6 -11%. Diabetics especially type 2 diabetes mellitus have a much higher odds of being vitamin d deficient. Objective: To compare mean decrease in glycated hemoglobin in vitamin D supplementation with placebo in the treatment of type I diabetes mellitus Methodology: This study design was randomized controlled trial carried out at the medicine department Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar for duration of six months after synopsis approval from July 2021 to December 2021. Sixty patients were included in our study. Patients in group A were subjected to routine diabetes therapy plus vitamin D supplementation in a dose of 600000 units per oral every two weeks for 3 months and patients in group B were subjected to only routine diabetes therapy. Data was entered and analyzed by statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results: Base line HbA1C Level among Group A patients was analyzed as Mean was 9.27 and Std. Deviation was 1.58 whereas in group B subjects, the mean HbA1C Level was 9.28 and Std. Deviation was 1.59. Post HbA1C Level in Group A patients was analyzed as Mean was 7.29 and Std. Deviation was 1.40 whereas in group B subjects, the post mean HbA1C Level was 7.51 and Std. Deviation was 1.73 Conclusion: Our study concludes that supplementation of Vitamin D could improve Vitamin D level in blood but have no significant association with the reduction of HbA1c level in patients with Type II diabetes mellitus. Keywords: Glycated hemoglobin; Vitamin D supplementation, Type II diabetes mellitus