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Tomato (Solanum spp.) is the second most-consumed vegetable after potato and grown all over the world. Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) was first identified in 2014 on tomato plants, since then it has been reported in many countries. It is a significant threat to tomato production. This work aimed to identify the disease resistance source(s). To achieve this aim, a total of 44 tomato materials including 28 accessions of eight wild species, two accessions of Solanum arcanum Peralta, S. pennellii Correll, and S. sitiens I.M. Johnst., seven accessions of S. chilense (Dunal) Reiche, five accessions of S. pimpinellifolium L., four accessions of S. habrochaites S. Knapp & D.M. Spooner, three accessions of S. peruvianum L., one accession of S. chmielewskii (C.M. Rick et al.) D.M. Spooner et al. and S. huaylasense Peralta, 5 cultivated tomatoes (S. lycopersicum L.) and 11 interspecific F1 hybrids derived from S. habrochaites and S. pennellii were tested with ToBRFV isolates by using the biological testing method. Mechanical inoculation method was used for biological testing. ToBRFV was inoculated to 10 plants with 2-3 true leaves two replicates for each genotype. As a result, S. pimpinellifolium (LA1651), S. penellii (LA0716), and S. chilense (LA4117A, LA2747) were found tolerant to ToBRFV with the lowest disease severity index (DSI) with 19.6%, 28.3% and 35.0%, respectively. Also, molecular genetic analysis of the plant material by using molecular markers revealed that there was no interaction between other virus resistance genes (Tm-2 2 and Tm-1) and ToBRFV resistance. These wild tomato species identified in the present study are valuable genetic resources to develop new resistance cultivars for ToBRFV resistance in tomato breeding programs.

Using double-antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA), pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) was detected in 27 pepper (Capsicum spp.) plants of 3000 tested and found to be present in Adana, Antalya, Kahramanmaras ß, Mersin and S ßanlıurfa, all provinces devoted to pepper production in southern Turkey. Results of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using primers specific to RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and capsid protein (CP) genes confirmed those of ELISA by amplifying all PMMoV-infected plants. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and PCR assays using sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker primers showed that PMMoV from Turkey overcomes L 3 -gene-mediated resistance, so pepper plantations are susceptible to PMMoV infection. Sequences of CPs showed high amino acid identities (92 -99%) with their homologues in the database and, furthermore, to share a distinguished molecular print found common uniquely in pathotypes P 1,2,3 . The phylogenetic tree allocated the Turkish isolates in one cluster together with PMMoV pathotypes P 1,2,3 of the Italian, Spanish and Israeli isolates, all reported to overcome the L 3 -resistance-breaking gene in pepper. This is the first molecular information on PMMoV isolates present in Turkey, for which this information could have guiding significance in future pepper resistance breeding in the country.

Behcet ehcet Kemal emal Caglar aglar 1 , Hakan akan Fidan idan 2 , Mehmet ehmet Ertugrul rtugrul Guldur uldur 3 and Toufic oufic Elbeaino lbeaino 4 Abstract In a survey of four fig-growing provinces of Turkey (Adana, Hatay, Sanliurfa and Mersin), 132 samples were tested by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to assess the presence of Fig leaf mottle-associated virus 1 (FLMaV-1), Fig leaf mottleassociated virus 2 (FLMaV-2) and Fig mosaic virus (FMV). All samples were negative in PCR to FLMaV-1, whereas FLMaV-2 and FMV were detected in six (4.5%) and 10 (7.6%) of the samples, respectively. Both viruses were found in fig trees collected in the provinces of Adana, Hatay and Sanliurfa, but no infection was found in Mersin province. Sequence analysis of amplified DNA showed a level of nucleotides variability ranging from 1 to 10% for FLMaV-2 and from 6 to 17% for FMV isolates. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the Turkish FLMaV-2 isolates in one cluster together with other near-eastern FLMaV-2 isolates previously reported in GenBank.