Özİslam hukukunun dönemlerinden biri, kanunlaştırma dönemidir. Mecelle, bu dönemde yapılan kanunlardan biridir. Mecelle, İslam hukuku kuralları esas alınarak hazırlanmıştır; ancak içerisinde yalnızca Hanefi mezhebine ait içtihatlar yer almaktadır. Mecelle'nin mukaddime kısmında, iki makale bulunmaktadır. Mecelle'nin birinci maddesi, ilk makaledir. İlk makalede, fıkıh ilminin tanımı ve kapsamı açıklanmıştır. Mecelle'nin ikinci maddesiyle yüzüncü maddesi arasında, külli kaideler olarak adlandırılan ilkeler bulunmaktadır. Bu ilkeler, hukukun tüm disiplinlerinde uygulanabilecek soyut ilkelerdir. Bu bağlamda, Mecelle'nin külli kaidelerinin, ceza hukuku alanında da uygulanması mümkündür. Örneğin ceza hukukunda, suçsuzluk karinesi, şüpheden sanığın yararlanması, kıyas yasağı, eski hâle iade, zorunluluk hâli, suça iştirak türü olarak azmettirenin sorumluluğu, özgürlüğü daha az kısıtlayan koruma tedbirinin tercih edilmesi, suç olmaktan çıkarma akımı, delillerin önemi, hukuka uygunluk sebepleri, Mecelle'nin külli kaideleri ile açıklanabilir. Bu çalışmada, Mecelle'nin külli kaidelerinin, ceza hukuku alanında uygulanabilirliği meselesi incelenecektir. Anahtar Kelimeler: İlm-i fıkh, Külli kaideler, Norm, Varsayım kuralı, Ceza hukuku. AbstractOne of the periods of Islamic law is codification period. Mecelle is one of the codes which was legislated in this period. Mecelle was prepared based on Islamis law rules; but there is only precedents of the Hanafi sect within it. In the introduction part of Mecelle, there are two paragraphs. The first article of Mecelle is the first paragrafh. In first paragraph, description and scope of the Islamic law are explained. Between the second and the hundredth article of Mecelle, there are principles which are named as general bases. These principles are abstract principles that can be applied in all disciplines of the law. In this context, the general bases of Mecelle can be applied in criminal law, too. For example, in criminal law, presumption of innocence, in dubio pro reo, the ban of analogy, restitution, state of necessity, responsibility of abettor which is the kind of complicity, preference of protection measures that less restricted the freedom, decriminalization, the importance of evidences, lawfulness reasons can be explained with the general bases of Mecelle. In this work, the problem of applicability of the general bases of Mecelle in the field of criminal law will be examined.

In this work, Turkish criminal law and Islamic criminal law are compared in terms of victims' position in criminal procedure. The comparison is made according to the appearance of victims in these legal systems. In this context, first of all, both of the legal systems were compared in terms of personal action and complaint. Later, a comparison was made in terms of personal rights, the condition/sanction of the victim to compensate the damage suffered, to participate in the criminal case and the right to seek legal remedies. Finally, the last comparison is made in terms of with drawalof complaint and conciliation. As a result of the comparison, it should be noted that in a criminal procedure conducted in accordance with Islamic criminal law, the victim is not forgotten and an opportunity is given to the victim to play an active role in every stage of the criminal procedure. This is clearly seen in crimes which persons' rights are protected more strongly than public rights. At this point, it should be stated that there is a concept of crimes against personal rights in Islamic criminal law. In Turkish criminal law, it is seen that the victim is included in the criminal procedure process through rights and institutions. On the other hand, in Turkish criminal law, a different approach has been adopted.