Background: Malnutrition is a multifactorial problem that contributes to many health problems, as a cause or as a consequence. In elderly, it is a major health problem as it leads to progressive decline in physical and cognitive health, increased utilization of health services, and increased mortality. Aim: To screen the elderly persons for malnutrition and to detect the underlying factors of this problem. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 320 elderly persons. A structured interview questionnaire sheet was used. It included sociodemographic data; anthropometric measurement; the Mini-Nutritional Assessment-Short Form in its Arabic version; and physical, psychosocial, and cognitive risk factors of malnutrition. Results: Overall, 35% of the participants were malnourished and 38.4% were at risk of malnutrition. There were significant associations between malnutrition or being at risk of malnutrition and all the studied sociodemographic characteristics (P<0.05) except tobacco smoking (P=0.39). Moreover, significant association (P<0.05) was detected between malnutrition and lack of physical exercise, oral and gastrointestinal tract problems, chronic pain, physical dependency, number of chronic diseases, and number of drugs taken regularly. Social isolation, insomnia, special senses problems, and depression were the significant psychosocial and cognitive risk factors. Conclusion: Malnutrition or being at risk of malnutrition is prevalent among the rural elderly persons in Qalyobeya Governorate. The underlying factors were sociodemographic factors, lack of physical exercise, morbidities, and some psychological and cognitive factors. It is recommended that nutritional assessment should be included in any designed geriatric healthcare and health appraisal for the elderly.

Background: Medical students display poorer mental health when compared to equivalent peers. Learning environment, educational debt, hard workload, and sleep disturbance make them more liable for mental disorders as anxiety and depression. Objective: The aim of the current work was to determine prevalence and factors associated with depression, anxiety and stress among medical students. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire was distributed to students in the six grades at Benha Faculty of Medicine. Students were chosen by stratified random sample technique. The total participants were 597. Results: Out of included students; 88.8%, 82.6% & 82.7% experienced depression, anxiety, and stress respectively. A statistically significant difference between smokers and non-smokers (14.3±4.9&11.5±5.6 respectively) was found regarding depression score. The mean anxiety and stress scores were significantly higher between females (9.78±5.4 & 13.03±4.9 respectively) than males. The third grade had the highest mean of anxiety and stress score (10.1±4.8, p value =0.03 &14.02±3.9, p value =0.000 respectively). There was a statistically significant difference in depression and anxiety scores as regarding Personal income. There were statistically significant associations between student average achievement score, social activity, transportation and mean score of depression, anxiety, stress. Conclusion: It could be concluded that medical students experienced high degrees of depression, anxiety, and stress. Smoking, female gender, personal income, achievement score were significantly associated with mental problems.

Background & Aims: The aim of this study was to assess IGF-1 in chronic liver diseases associated with HBV infection and describe the impact of liver status on IGF-1 variables. Methods: This cohort study included 348 subjects and conducted between December 2018 and December 2019 at El-Sahel Teaching Hospital, Cairo, Egypt. Subjects were divided into 4 groups: group I included HBV positive hepatocellular carcinoma patients “HCC” (n= 87), group II included HBV positive patients with liver cirrhosis “LC” (n = 87), group III included chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with neither HCC nor cirrhosis “CHB” (n = 87) and group IV of healthy volunteers as controls (n = 87). Serum IGF-1 was measured quantitatively using a commercially available enzyme immunoassay. Results: Serum levels of IGF-1 were measured in each of the 4 groups. The comparison showed marked differences in IGF1-related measures. It was found to be significantly reduced in HCC patients (32.08 ± 9.2 ng/ml), LC patients (50.6±14.1ng/ml) and CHB patients (61.4±14.3 ng/ml) in comparison to healthy subjects (140.4±49.9 ng/ml). The reduction of IGF-1 levels was also statistically significant between both HCC and LC patients and CHB patients also between HCC and LC patients. Conclusion: Serum IGF-1 levels are significantly reduced with the progression of hepatic disease in HBV patients and it may be a promising serological marker alone or in association with others for prediction of development of liver cirrhosis and HCC in chronic HBV patients.

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The global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) generated a pandemic which severely impacted on care delivery worldwide. Aim of the work: To assess the correlation between CORADS score and different CBC indices and the sensitivity of CORADs score compared to lymphopenia and neutrophil/ lymphocyte ratio in diagnosing patients with COVID-19. Patients and methods :This study is a retrospective data review study done 106 patients who were visiting the emergency room at Benha University hospital for assessment of symptoms for the possibility of COVID 19.Results: Symptoms were variable ; the most common was fever (92.5%), mean total leucocytic count (TLC) 7.5±3.4 (10*3/UL); neutrophil count 5.5±3.3 (10*3/UL), lymphocytic count was 1.42 ± 0.77.CT scan done to all patients where GGO was the most common pattern. CORAD score was ranging from 0 to 5 with mean 3.96±1.59, There was no correlation between CORAD score and different CBC parameters; CORAD scores ≥ 4 had a sensitivity of 71% while CORAD 5 has a sensitivity of 60% in diagnosis. Lymphopenia <2 has a sensitivity of 82%, lymphocytes < 1.5 has sensitivity of 65% and lymphopenia <1.1 has a sensitivity of 40%. Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio > 3 has a sensitivity of 61% but increased to 68% with ratio>2.4. Conclusion: CORAD score and lymphopenia are rapid and valuable tools in diagnosis of COVID 19. CORAD has a sensitivity 60 to 71% according to the cut off used while lymphopenia has a sensitivity 40 to 82%, neutrophil/ lymphocyte ratio 61 to 68%.