Objectives : To assess the patient's knowledge about avoidance of recurrent Urolithiasis, and to identify the relationship between some variables (age, gender, level of education) and patient's knowledge. Methodology: a descriptive quantitative study is carried out at Al-kindy teaching hospital in 15th July 2013 to 20th August 2014. A non-probability (Purposive sample) of (100) patient's with Urolithiasis who attended to Extra Corporal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) department within (18) years and more. The data are collected through the use of semi-constructed questionnaire, which consists of two parts (1) Sociodemographic data of that consist (6) items, (2) factors contributed to recurrent Urolithiasis consist (43), by means of direct interview technique with the Urolithiasis patients. Reliability of the questionnaire is determined through a pilot study and the validity through a panel of (12) experts. The data were described statistically and analyzed through use of the descriptive and inferential statistical analysis procedures. Results: The findings of the present study indicate that the patients have poor knowledge about stone formation and composition, and the factors contributed to stone recurrence about life style related to diet, fluid intake, family and medical history, physical activities, medication intake. Conclusion: The study concludes that stone disease more common in male than female, the most of them were married and low economic status and have family history of urinary stone, also the study concluded that the decrease fluid intake, increase( calcium, oxalate, protein) diet, decrease physical activities, medication intake are the essential cause of Urolithiasis. Recommendations: The study recommends that all urological departments in hospitals in every governorate in Iraq should include instructional division about the avoidance of recurrent Urolithiasis, provide patients with a booklet about the risk factors of recurrent Urolithiasis.

Objective: to assess of women patients practices toward recurrence urinary tract infection (UTI). Methodology: A descriptive study was carried out at three Hospitals (Al-Kadhimia, Al-Yarmok, and Surgical Specialist Teaching Hospital) in Baghdad city in the beginning of Feb., 2008 to the end of April 2009. The Questionnaire was designated into two parts; the first part consisted of demographic data and the second part related to women patients’ practices toward recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) concerning hygiene, fluid intake, voiding habits, and therapy. The researcher used appropriate statistical methods in data analysis which included descriptive and inferential data analysis. Results: the findings of the study indicated that the women patients’ practices related hygiene, voiding habits, fluid intake, and therapy were poor and unsatisfactory. Recommendation: A manual booklet should be prepared in the clinic consultation of urinary system disease including all practices needed for women patients with recurrent (UTI) lead them to live as a normal.

Objective: The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effectiveness of the instructional intervention about management of long –term complications for type II diabetes mellitus (comparative Study). Methodology: A descriptive study was carried out at National Center for Diabetes Mellitus/ Almustansria University started. Non-probability (purposive sample) of (60) diabetes mellitus type II, who visit National Center for Diabetes Mellitus/ Almustansria University. The study group received the instructional intervention. The data are collected through the use of constructed questionnaire, which consists of two parts. part 1: consists about demographic characteristics, part 2: consists of (5) items about Knowledge and management on the long-term complications for patients with diabetes mellitus type II, first item: consists of (7) items about Knowledge to patient's about the complications involving the cardiovascular system, second item: consists of (9) items about Knowledge to patient's about the complications involving the urinary system, third item: consists of (7)items about Knowledge to patient's about the complications involving the eye disease, fourth item: consists of (10) items about Knowledge to patient's about the complications involving the nervous system, fifth item: consists of (9) items about Knowledge to patient's about the complications involving the foot problems. first item: consists of (10) items about management to patient's about the complications involving the cardiovascular system, second item: consists of (7) items about management to patient's about the complications involving the urinary system, third item: consists of (8) items about management to patient's about the complications involving the eye disease, fourth item: consists of (7) items about management to patient's about the complications involving the nervous system, fifth item: consists of (15) items about management to patient's about the complications involving the foot problems. Results: The findings of the study indicate that the patient’s knowledge and management regarding long-term complications is low and poor before the implementation of the instructional intervention but after the implementation of the instructional intervention the knowledge and management of diabetes mellitus type II greatly improved. Recommendations: The study recommended that the diabetes centers in Iraq should include instructional intervention about knowledge and management of diabetes mellitus type II for long-term complications to increase awareness of diabetic patients regarding knowledge and management for diabetes mellitus type II for long-term complications.

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