Given the relationship between sensory processing and motor development in the preterm group, the evaluation of sensory processing and motor development in preterm infants was considered necessary for the effective implementation of physiotherapy assessment and interventions.

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Preterm bebekler, santral sinir sistemi immatürasyonu ve yeni doğan yoğun bakım ünitelerinin aşırı duyusal uyarıları nedeniyle duyusal işlemleme problemlerine (DİP) sahip olabilirler. Bu çalışmanın amacı, preterm ve term bebeklerde duyusal işlemleme becerisini karşılaştırmak ve preterm bebeklerin DİP'lerini incelemekti. Yöntem: Çalışmaya düzeltilmiş yaşları 10-12 ay arasında olan 30 preterm ve yaşları 10-12 ay arasında olan 30 term bebek dahil edildi. Bebeklerin sosyodemografik özellikleri ve doğum bilgileri kaydedildikten sonra, duyusal işlemleme değerlendirmesi için Bebeklerde Duyusal Fonksiyonlar Testi (BDFT) kullanıldı. Sonuçlar: Gruplar karşılaştırıldığında, term bebeklerin BDFT total puanının daha yüksek olduğu görüldü (p<0,001). BDFT total puanına göre; preterm bebeklerin % 60'ının, term bebeklerin ise % 13'ünün DİP'e sahip olduğu bulundu. Preterm bebeklerin taktil işlemleme, motor praksis, vizüeltaktil bütünleme (p<0,05) ve vestibüler işlemleme (p<0,01) puanlarının term bebeklerden daha düşük olduğu saptandı. Tartışma: Term bebeklerle karşılaştırıldığında, preterm bebeklerin duyusal işlemleme becerisi açısından yetersiz olduğu görüldü. Erken dönemde yapılan gelişimsel değerlendirme ve müdahalelerde, duyusal işlemleme becerisinin dikkate alınması preterm bebeklerin gelişimlerinin desteklenmesine katkı sağlayacaktır.

Background The association of cognition with hand grip and pinch strength has been well-recognized in older adults. The authors sought to explore: (1) associations among forward head posture (FHP), cognition, and hand grip and pinch strength in older adults; and (2) the mediator role of FHP in these pathways using structural equation modeling (SEM). Methods This cross-sectional study included 88 older adults (70.5% male; mean age = 68.75±3.87 years). Cognition was assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), head posture by the Craniovertebral Angle (CVA) obtained from photographic analysis, hand grip strength by a handheld dynamometer, and pinch strength by a pinch meter. Using the two SEMs, a potential mediator role of the CVA was investigated. While the MMSE was addressed as an independent variable in both models, hand grip and pinch strength were addressed as dependent variables in model 1 and model 2, respectively. Results The correlations between the CVA and MMSE (r = 0.310), hand grip strength (r = 0.370), and pinch strength (r = 0.274 to 0.292) were statistically significant (p < 0.001). In addition, significant associations were found between the MMSE and hand grip and pinch strength, ranging from 0.307 to 0.380 (p < 0.001). The mediation analysis showed that the standardized total (β = 0.41, p < 0.001) and indirect (mediated) effects (β = 0.12, p = 0.008) of the MMSE on hand grip strength were significant in model (1) The results were similar for model (2) The standardized total (β = 0.39, p = 0.001) and indirect effects (β = 0.10, p = 0.026) of the MMSE on pinch strength were significant. As a partial mediator in both models, the CVA explained 29% and 26% of the total effect in models 1 and 2, respectively. Conclusions The CVA was associated with the MMSE, hand grip strength, and pinch strength, and CVA partially mediates the association of the MMSE with grip and pinch strength in older adults, indicating that cognition had an effect on grip and pinch strength through an indirect path via head posture. This finding reveals that evaluating head posture and providing corrective therapeutic interventions as needed may be beneficial in reducing the negative impact of decreased cognition on motor functions in older adults.