A AB BS ST TR RA AC CT T O Ob bj je ec ct ti iv ve e: : Infertility is shown in approximately 10-15% of the couples. Male infertility is responsible for at least 50% of them. In these infertile couples, male is responsible alone in 30% while male and female are responsible together in 20%. The semen analysis is the first laboratory test which should be done to evaluate the male infertility. Heavy metals and trace elements affect sperm production, motility and morphology. The aim of this study is to determine zinc, copper, lead and cadmium levels in blood and seminal samples of men and to evaluate their relationship with sperm quality parameters. M Ma at te er ri ia al l a an nd d M Me et th ho od ds s: : Forty-two men with abnormal sperm quality parameters and 10 control subjects were included in the study. Zinc, copper, cadmium and lead levels were measured in blood and semen. The results were compared. R Re es su ul lt ts s: : Lead levels in blood, cadmium levels both in blood and seminal plasma were significantly higher in men with abnormal sperm analyses (p<0.05). There was a positive correlation between seminal plasma zinc level and sperm count, motility and morphology (p<0.001) and between seminal plasma copper level and sperm count and morphology (p<0.05). There was a negative correlation between lead level and sperm count, motility and morphology (p<0.001). Likewise, there was a negative correlation between blood cadmium level and sperm motility and morphology (p<0.05) and between seminal plasma cadmium level and sperm motility (p<0.05). C Co on nc cl lu us si io on n: : Zinc and copper affect sperm quality positively whereas lead and cadmium shows a negative effect. Exposure to heavy metals is an important etiology in the male infertility problem and should be treated seriously.K Ke ey y W Wo or rd ds s: : Smoking; metals, heavy; trace elements; infertility, male Ö ÖZ ZE ET T A Am ma aç ç: : İnfertilite, çiftlerin %10-15'inde görülmektedir. En az %50'sinde erkek infertilitesi sorumludur. Bu infertil çiftlerin %30'unda tek başına erkek, %20'sinde de kadın faktörü ile beraber sorumludur. Erkek infertilitesini değerlendirmek için ilk yapılması gereken test semen analizidir. Ağır metaller ve eser elementler sperm üretimini, motilitesini ve morfolojisini etkilemektedir. Bu çalışma erkeklerin kan ve seminal örneklerinde çinko, bakır, kurşun ve kadmiyum düzeylerini saptamak ve sperm parametreleri ile ilişkilerini araştırmak için yapıldı. G Ge er re eç ç v ve e Y Yö ön nt te em ml le er r: : Çalışmaya anormal sperm parametreli kırk iki ve kontrol grubu olarak 10 kişi dahil edildi. Kanda ve semende çinko, bakır, kadmiyum ve kurşun düzeyleri ölçüldü. Anormal sperm parametreli erkeklerin sonuçları normal sperm parametreleri ile karşılaştırıldı. B Bu ul lg gu ul la ar r: : Sperm analizi anormal olan erkeklerde kurşun seviyesi kanda, kadmiyum seviyesi hem kanda hem de seminal plazmada anlamlı olarak yüksekti (p<0,05). Seminal plazma çinko seviyesi ile sperm sayısı, motilitesi ve morfolojisi arasında (p<0,001) ve sem...
A AB BS ST TR RA AC CT T O Ob bj je ec ct ti iv ve e: : Infertility affects 10-15% of couples during the reproductive period. Ovulatory disorders are more common in younger women whereas unexplained infertility occurs more commonly in older women. Recently, many environmental agents, such as cigarettes, alcohol, heat, electromagnetic energy and radiation have been shown to have negative effects on the reproductive system. Environmental factors and exposure to heavy metals change fertility patterns in adults by affecting germ cell maturation, fertilization and the endocrine system. We aimed to investigate the effect of trace elements and heavy metals in blood and cervical mucus on female infertility. M Ma at te er ri ia al l a an nd d M Me et th ho od ds s: : Study was performed with 50 women: Infertile (n=35) and controls (n=15). Blood and cervical mucus samples were collected to measure Zn, Cu, Cd, and Pb levels. R Re es su ul lt ts s: : Mean blood plasma and cervical mucus Zn, Cd, and Cu levels in the infertile group were significantly lower than those in the control group. Whole blood Pb level was higher in the infertile group compared to the control group. Although blood Cd level tended to be higher in smokers and cervical mucus Cd level tended to be lower in controls, neither of these difference were statistically significant. C Co on nc cl lu us si io on n: : Lower levels of plasma and cervical mucus Zn and Cu were thought to result from higher levels of Cd and Pb in blood and cervical mucus. Abnormal levels of heavy metals in blood and cervical mucus may have adverse effects on the female reproductive function.K Ke ey y W Wo or rd ds s: : Cervix mucus; metals, heavy; trace elements; infertility, female Ö ÖZ ZE ET T A Am ma aç ç: : İnfertilite, üreme çağındaki çiftlerin %10-15' ini etkilemektedir. İleri yaşlarda daha yaygın olarak açıklanamayan infertilite, genç kadınlarda ise ovulatuvar rahatsızlık gözlenmektedir. Son zamanlarda, sigara, alkol, ısı, elektromanyetik enerji ve radyasyon gibi çok sayıda çevresel ajanın üreme sistemine olumsuz etkisi olduğu gösterilmiştir. Çevresel faktörler ve ağır metallere maruz kalma, germ hücre olgunlaşmasını, döllenmeyi ve endokrin sistemi etkileyerek erişkinlerde doğurganlık durumunu etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmada kan ve servikal mucusta eser elementlerin ve ağır metallerin kadın infertilitesi üzerine etkisini araştırmayı amaçladık. G Ge er re eç ç v ve e Y Yö ön nt te em ml le er r: : Çalışma 35 infertil ve 15 kontrol, toplam 50 kadın ile gerçekleştirildi. Zn, Cu, Cd ve Pb düzeylerini ölçmek için kan ve servikal mucus örnekleri toplandı. B Bu ul lg gu ul la ar r: : Ortalama kan plazması ve servikal mucus Zn, Cd, ve Cu düzeyleri infertil grupta kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı olarak düşüktü. Tam kan kurşun düzeyi infertil grupta kontrol grubundan daha yüksekti. Sigara içenlerde kan Cd düzeyi daha yüksek ve kontrol grubunda servikal mucus Cd düzeyi daha düşük olma eğiliminde olmasına rağmen, her iki farklılık da istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi. S So on nu uç ç: : Plazma...
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