The main goal of this study is the elaboration of a one-step synthesis of acylglycerol emulsifiers with modified hydrophobic properties. The esterification kinetics of glycerol with four individual fatty acids (C12:0, C14:0, C16:0, and C18:0), in the presence of zinc carboxylates (ZnC) of these acids, was investigated. The influence of the ZnC concentration and temperature on the reaction progress was studied. It was found that, under the applied conditions, the process is, with respect to glycerol esterification, a consecutive reaction of first order, with monoacylglycerol (MAG) as an intermediate, stable product. The maximum concentration of MAG in the reaction mixture did not exceed 50%. The reaction conditions as well as the types of carboxylate and fatty acid used influenced the rate of glycerol conversion and MAG formation. Zinc salts of fatty acid were found to be effective in increasing the contact between reactants and, as a consequence, accelerating the reaction progress. The formation of microemulsions in all studied esterification processes was observed. We studied the reaction kinetics in order to prepare emulsifiers with desirable contents of MAG and zinc ions. The influence of the synthesized emulsifiers' composition on their hydrophilic−lipophilic properties was also investigated. The fatty acid chain length as well as the concentration of ZnC influenced the HLB values of the synthesized preparations.

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lung unterschiedlich gemessenen Innen-und AuBendurchmesser des Amylosemolekuls.Man kann sich diesen Vorgang sehr gut veranschaulichen, wenn man eine Spiralfeder an den Enden festhdt und in die entgegengesetzte Richtung der Spiralwicklung dreht. Die Spiralwindungen werden nun weiter, die Feder insgesamt wird aber kiimr.Zum Beweis dafiir; daB sich der Helixdurchmesser u. U. aufweiten kann, wurden Komplexbildungsversuche mit Chaulmoograsauremonoglycerid durchgefiihrt. (cH2) ,-f-O-CH2

The main goal of this study was to describe the method of the synthesis of the dodecyl-, tetradecyl-, hexadecyl- and octadecyl-propylene glycol emulsifiers in the presence of selected anionic and nonionic surfactants. Acyl propylene glycol emulsifiers were produced by esterification of propane–1,2-diol (propylene glycol, PG) with C12:0–C18:0 fatty acids in the presence of anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and nonionic-poly(ethylene glycol) monolaurate (PEGML). The presence of SDS and PEGML in the reaction system caused microemulsion formation. Depending on the structure and amount of the surfactant in the system reactions proceeded at different rates and with different efficiency levels. The esterification of propylene glycol carried out under applied conditions causes products with the desired contents of propylene glycol monoesters (MAPG) to be obtained in a one-step reaction. Knowledge of the reaction kinetics creates the possibility to program the composition and properties of the synthesized emulsifiers. The interaction of nonionic, lipophilic MAPG with anionic, hydrophilic SDS or nonionic, hydrophilic PEGML influences the hydrophile–lipophile balance (HLB) values of the products which may be used to stabilize water-in-oil (W/O) and oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. Use of the synthesized compounds allows stable emulsions to be prepared which include the following vegetable fats in the oil phase: mango oil, palm oil, shorea butter and hydrogenated soybean oil.

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