Allelopathically active substances serving as environmental chemoregulators are therefore an important factor in determining the species composition, cenotic structure, dynamics and productivity of plant communities. The allelochemicals get into soil from different organs, particularly lots are contained in the leaf deposit. Scientists focused on the research of allelopathic activity, mainly invasive species, while chemical interaction of aboriginal species remained disregarded. The paperwork is devoted to the research of allelopathic properties of leaf litter and rhizosphere of species of the genus Acer L. The index was determined by the conventional method of bioassays using water extracts from plants leaf litter and rhizosphere. For the purpose of objective evaluation of allelopathic effect, the impact of extracts in different concentrations (1:10, 1:50, 1: 100) was analyzed. As a biotester Raphanus sativus L. var. radicula Pers. was used. The presence of allelopathic effect of leaf litter of the investigated species is proved, manifested in inhibition (germination of seeds, length of aerial parts of seedlings), as well as stimulating (root length) biotester indices. The descending row of allelopathic activity of leaf litter of the investigated species is as following: A. pseudoplatanus - A. campestre - A. platanoides - A. negundo. It was determined, that the rhizospheric soil layer from under the crown of studied species of the genus Acer L. is characterized by different allelopathic activity, which was manifested both in inhibition (including growth of the aerial part) and stimulation (root growth) of biotester indicators. Our research confirms the information that the effect of allelopathic interaction of plants can be both negative and positive. The studied species of the genus Acer L. have allelopathic property, so they can play an important role in intraspecific and interspecific interactions in plant communities.

Global pollination crisis for agricultural and natural ecosystems has emerged during the last decades. Man gets a great amount of food from entomophilous plants. That is why preservation and protection of anthophilic species of insects as the main agents of pollination is currently an urgent problem. Rosaceae is among the leading plant families in terms of the number of species in Ukraine. Rosaceae occupies top places in terms of the number of species in the certain regions of the country: the Black Sea region – VI - VII, Buko-vyna - III, the Crimea - V. Rosaceae species are of great national economic importance and are the basis of fruit and berry production in Ukraine. The issue of economic importance has been studied. It has been shown that the fifth part of the family belongs to honey plants. The authors conducted the analysis of literature sources over the past 20 years regarding the forms and ways of pollination of entomophilous species of the Rosaceae family included in the "State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Distribution in Ukraine" as of 2022. According to the collected information, we developed a database. We complied the list of insects as pollinating agents for entomophilous species of the Rosaceae family, included in the State Register. The list of 15 species and 2 hybrids belonging to 8 genera and three subfamilies was developed. For them, the predominance of cross-pollination and the presence of a complex combined variant are shown. The analysis of the data on insects which pollinate plant species of the Rosaceae family reflected in the literary made it possible to single out the main groups of pollinating agents: Hymenoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, and Lepidoptera. The melitophily as the predominant way of pollination with honey bee Apis mellifera L. as the universal agent has been proved. However, the species composition of the associated anthophilic complex is fragmentarily reflected in the available literature and requires further research.

The paper deals with the analyses of allelopathic effects of herbaceous invasive species-transformers that grow in Chernivtsi: Ambrosia artemisifolia L., Impatiens parviflora DC., Phalacroloma annuum (L.) Dumort., Solidago canadensis L., Rudbeckia laciniata L. We applied the bioassay method using Raphanus sativus L. var. radicula Pers.Water extracts from leaves and roots of invasive species have been used for the analysis. The ratios of biomass to distilled water were 1:10 and 1:100. The extracts were infused for 24 hours at room temperature, filtered through a paper filter, and they were used for watering seeds / soots in Petri dishes. We used distilled water for the plants of control groups.Biotester seeds were sprouted in a thermostat at a temperature of +25 ° С for three days. Later plants were grown in a cultivating room at +23 ° C. The following qualities of biotester seeds have been studied: germination energy percentage (on day 3), germination percentage (on day 7); biometric indices (on day 7): root length and shoot length.Allelopathic effects of investigated invasive species have been proved. Planting qualities of the biotesters seed appeared to be the most intolerant to the effects of allelochemicals of species-transformers. Water extracts from the leaves and roots of all invasive species reduced germination energy percentage and germination percentage of R. sativus var. radicula Pers. seeds by 2-8 times.The biometric parameters of the test object reacted to the investigated invasive species water extracts in different ways, which depended on the concentration, vegetative organ and plant species. In particular, the test-object root length in 45% of cases increased, it did not change in 35% and in 20% it reduced. At the same time, the length of the shoots did not change in 60% of cases, it increased in 35% and decreased only in 5% of cases in comparison with the control group. The length of the biotester root was a sensitive indicator and varied widely, whereas the length of the shoots of the test object varied in a narrow range. It has been determined that Ambrosia artemisifolia L. has the highest allelopathic activity among the studied species.

The allelopathic potential of classical energy crops (Panicum virgatum L., Sorghum saccharatum (L.) Moench, hybrids 'Zubr' and 'Medovyi') was studied by the energy of germination of biotesters' seeds and their biometric parameters, as well as the selection of sensitive biotesters and test traits. Secale cereale L. and Raphanus sativus L. var. radicula Pers. were used as biotesters. The selectivity of secretions action has been proven -the aqueous extracts from the same energy plant caused different reactions in acceptor plants. The obtained results indirectly indicate the allelopathic potential of energy crops P. virgatum and S. saccharatum. A decrease in the germination energy of the biotester R. sativus var. radicula seeds as well as reduction of underground and aboveground parts of both R. sativus var. radicula and S. cereale were observed under the effect of aqueous extracts of studied energy crops. In order to confirm an allelopathic potential of energy crops, using multiple test signs of different biotesters is suggested.