The fiscal mechanism, which serves as a means of implementing fiscal policy, thanks to the organisation of fiscal relations by changing the mechanisms for the formation of budget revenues and expenditures, directs the established fiscal interrelationships, manages the channels of passage and directions of fiscal flows, specifies the proportions of the distribution of financial resources and, thus, ensures regulation investment activity of households. For Ukraine, in the context of its European integration aspirations, the study of the impact of the components of the fiscal mechanism, namely taxes, on the implementation of household investments in the EU countries becomes particularly relevant. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to form a holistic view of the elements of the fiscal mechanism that cause changes in investment processes at the micro level in the EU countries and in Ukraine, as well as to perform correlation and regression analysis to identify the quantitative impact of the fiscal mechanism on the investment activity of households. During the study, the Ukrainian and European practices of taxation of the population is considered and the total tax burden on individuals in the EU countries and in Ukraine is calculated. A correlation and regression analysis of the impact of elements of the fiscal mechanism on household investments in the EU and Ukraine was carried out, which showed that the scale of their taxation had the greatest impact on the implementation of citizens' investments, while the overall tax burden played a secondary role in regulating investment processes at the micro level. As a result of the study, it was proved that in Ukraine, to increase the investment activity of households, it is necessary to consider the practices of EU countries and improve those elements of the fiscal mechanism that have the greatest regulatory impact on investment. Such a part of the fiscal mechanism is taxes, especially in terms of effective provision of tax benefits.

Faced with COVID-19, most countries have used the fiscal mechanism to mitigate the effects of the coronavirus crisis, which primarily involved supporting economic subjects and ensuring the required level of consumption. However, on the way to overcome the pandemic, it is necessary to use a fiscal mechanism to stimulate investment, which is an important prerequisite for economic recovery. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to determine the role of the fiscal mechanism in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and justify its reorientation from supporting consumption to stimulating investment. In the course of the research, it was established that in modern conditions the fiscal mechanism acquires special significance, becoming a priority tool for the struggle of states against the consequences of the corona crisis, shifting the emphasis from the previous priority of the monetary mechanism. The impact of the fiscal mechanism in terms of budget revenues, budget expenditures, government loans, and guarantees on consumption and investment in EU member states and Ukraine were analyzed. As a result of the study, it was found that the COVID-19 pandemic, which has intensified all existing socio-economic problems of states, despite all its negatives, can become a springboard for qualitatively new investment development. At the same time, it is necessary not to change the design of the fiscal mechanism, but to reorient it to more efficient and adapted to new conditions investments in the development of green and digital economy, as well as strengthening the socio-economic stability of countries.

доцент FINANCIAL SUPPLY OF INNOVATION-ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SECTOR ФІНАНСОВЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ІННОВАЦІЙНО-ЕКОЛОГІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ АГРАРНОГО СЕКТОРУ Urgency of the research. Ensuring stable economic development of Ukraine is possible only with the construction of a high-tech agrarian sector. Target setting. To ensure economic and environmental human needs, sources of financial resources should be identified and a redistribution system based on innovation should be formed. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Much attention to the issue of innovations is paid in the works of M.

The duty as a source of budget formation and a regulator of foreign trade activity contributes to improving the macroeconomic situation and the state's entry into the international trade community. Therefore, the study of the essence and functional purpose of the duty becomes particularly relevant since it makes it possible to increase the efficiency of its functioning in modern conditions. The purpose of the study is to consider the tax and foreign trade nature of the duty, establish its essence and specific characteristics, identify the main functions and substantiate changes in the roles of duty functions in modern conditions. The specifics of the scientific tasks that make up the subject of research required the use of a set of special methods (general scientific and private scientific, theoretical and empirical), the use of which helped identifying the content of the duty, consider its functional purpose and establish the reasons for the weakening of the role of duty functions in different countries of the world. In the course of the study, two approaches to the interpretation of the essence of duty were established: as a tax and as a specific foreign trade payment. The author's definition of the duty was proposed and its main essential characteristics were clarified. It has been established that there are no unified approaches to the definition of duty functions in the scientific literature, and only two main ones (fiscal and regulatory) are substantiated. It was also covered that due to the entry of most countries into the World Trade Organisation and the establishment of restrictions on the growth of customs rates, the regulatory function of the duty is weakening. It was established that in developed countries, due to international restrictions on the application of custom rates, the role of the fiscal function of duty has decreased. It was determined that in less developed countries, in conditions of limited budget revenue sources, the fiscal function of duty continues to be the main one. The practical value of the study lies in the fact that clarifying the content and functions of duty in modern conditions makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of customs tariff regulation to protect national interests during the intensification of international integration processes

The paper provides rationale for the key determinants of enhancing competitiveness of the agricultural sector in the light of the global growth, which is possible through structural adjustment of foreign economic opportunities and strategic focus on exporting competitive agricultural products. In order to advance the competitiveness of domestic agricultural products in the international markets, it is proposed to implement a series of measures through establishing a framework for ensuring a competitive market. By splitting the factors into those responsible for external and internal sectoral transformations, a framework for ensuring a competitive growth in the agricultural sector with regard to the global progress is developed. The effectiveness of introducing the framework is practically expressed in strengthening positions in export sales; expanding the existing markets and entering new ones; stabilizing domestic and external demand; producing environmentally-friendly and safe products that meet world quality standards. An innovative component of systemic changes in the sector is highlighted. Some trends and prospects related to foreign economic activities of the competitive agricultural sector are outlined. In order to address the challenges on the road towards more competitive agricultural sector the following proposals are developed and justified: to complete the adaption of Ukraine’s legislative and normative framework and the regulatory system to the requirements of the EU; to establish a national system of food safety in accordance with the requirements of the food safety and animal feed safety model introduced in the EU-countries; to introduce sanitary and phytosanitary measures that are consistent with the EU requirements in agribusiness enterprises; to accomplish the establishment and operation of the system of state market supervision over the observance of requirements to the safety of food products and creation of a network of accredited conformity assessment bodies and ensure the full recognition of the National Accreditation Agency of Ukraine by international institutions.