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Background: Type 2 diabetes is a manifestation of an ongoing low-grade inflammation. In diabetes, impairment of neutrophil adhesion to the endothelium and migration to the site of inflammation were detected, which were associated closely with adhesion molecules expressed on neutrophils and endothelial cells. Patients and Methods: To determine the expression of syndecan-1 on the neutrophils in diabetic patients, 80 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited, in addition to 40 healthy individuals with no history of glucose metabolism disorders as control group. Expression of syndecan-1 was determined using flow-cytometry, and the correlations between syndecan-1 expression and clinical characteristics were analyzed. Results: The percentage of neutrophils expressing syndecan-1 was found to be higher in diabetic patients than among the healthy control individuals. In addition, a statistically significant association was found between the percentage of syndecan-1 positive neutrophils and body mass index. A multiple regression analysis found that body mass index is a significant predictor of neutrophils expressing syndecan-1 in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Conclusion: Surface syndecan-1 on neutrophils is significantly enhanced in subjects with type 2 DM. It is also positively correlated with BMI.