Background: The concept of Mental Health Literacy (MHL) relies on our capacity to understand and recognize mental illnesses and the ability to maintain and promote a positive mentality for ourselves and others. In our review, we aim to examine the level of MHL among healthcare providers in the Arab Gulf States. Methods: PubMed, PsycINFO, Medline were searched till August 2019. Studies were included if at least one of the main components of mental health literacy was reported, including (a) knowledge of mental illnesses, (b) stigma toward mental illnesses, (c) confidence in helping patients, and (d) behavior of helping patients, regardless of study design. The risk of bias was rated according to the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale for cross-sectional studies. Results: Seven studies were included in the review; all of them were cross-sectional, with a total of 3516 participants from the healthcare system. Overall most of the studies claimed limited knowledge, negative attitudes, behavior and/or confidence among nurses, pharmacists, and physicians, especially juniors. However, the overall quality of all outcomes was relatively very low. Conclusion: More high-quality evidence and in-depth qualitative studies are required to bridge the gap between mental health needs and services delivered by healthcare providers in the Gulf Arab region.

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has turned into one of the most serious public health crises of the last few decades. Although the disease can result in diverse and multiorgan pathologies, very few studies have addressed the postmortem pathological findings of COVID-19 cases. Active autopsy findings amid this pandemic could be an essential tool for diagnosis, surveillance, and research. We aimed to provide a comprehensive picture of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) histopathological features of different body organs through a systematic review of the published literature. A systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, medRxiv, and bioRxiv) for journal articles of different study designs reporting postmortem pathological findings in COVID-19 cases was performed. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used for conducting the review. A total of 50 articles reporting 430 cases were included in our analysis. Postmortem pathological findings were reported for different body organs: pulmonary system (42 articles), cardiovascular system (23 articles), hepatobiliary system (22 articles), kidney (16 articles), spleen and lymph nodes (12 articles), and central nervous system (seven articles). In lung samples, diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) was the most commonly reported finding in 239 cases (84.4%). Myocardial hypertrophy (87 cases, 51.2%), arteriosclerosis (121 cases, 62%), and steatosis (118 cases, 59.3%) were the most commonly reported pathological findings in the heart, kidney, and the hepatobiliary system respectively. Autopsy examination as an investigation tool could lead to a better understanding of SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management, subsequently improving patient care.

Background: The concept of Mental Health Literacy (MHL) relies on our capacity to understand and recognize mental illnesses and the ability to maintain and promote a positive mentality for ourselves and others. In our review, we aim to examine the level of MHL among healthcare providers in the Arab Gulf States.Methods: PubMed, PsycINFO, Medline were searched till August 2019. Studies were included if at least one of the main components of mental health literacy was reported, including (a) knowledge of mental illnesses, (b) stigma towards mental illnesses, (c) confidence in helping patients, and (d) behavior of helping patients, regardless of study design. The risk of bias was rated according to the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale for cross-sectional studies.Results: Seven studies were included in the review; all of them were cross-sectional, with a total of 3516 participants from the healthcare system. Overall most of the studies claimed limited knowledge, negative attitudes, behavior and/or confidence among nurses, pharmacists, and physicians, especially juniors. However, the overall quality of all outcomes was relatively very low.Conclusions: More high-quality evidence and in-depth qualitative studies are required to bridge the gap between mental health needs and services delivered by healthcare providers in the Gulf Arab region.Keywords: Mental disorders, health literacy, healthcare workers, stigma, attitude, knowledge

Background: The current COVID-19 pandemic is considered one of the most serious public health crisis over the last few decades. Although the disease can result in diverse, multiorgan pathology, there have been very few studies addressing the postmortem pathological findings of the cases. Active autopsy amid this pandemic could be an essential tool for diagnosis, surveillance, and research. Objective: To provide a total picture of the SARS-CoV-2 histopathological features of different body organs in postmortem autopsies through a systematic search of the published literature. Methods: A systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google scholar, Medrxiv & Biorxiv) was carried out from December 2019 to August, 15th 2020, for journal articles of different study designs reporting postmortem pathological findings in COVID-19 cases. PRISMA guidelines were used for reporting the review. Results: A total of 50 articles reporting 430 cases were included in our analysis. Postmortem pathological findings were reported for different body organs, pulmonary system (42 articles), cardiovascular system ( 23 articles), hepatobiliary system (22 articles), kidney (16 articles), spleen, and lymph nodes (12 articles), and central nervous system (7 articles). In lung samples, diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) was the most commonly reported findings in 239 cases (84.4%). Myocardial hypertrophy (87 cases by 51.2%), arteriosclerosis (121 cases by 62%), and steatosis ( 118 cases by 59.3%) were the most commonly reported pathological findings in the heart, kidney, and hepatobiliary system respectively. Conclusion: Autopsy examination as an investigation tool could help in a better understanding of SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and subsequently improving patient care. Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, Histopathology, Autopsy, forensic pathology, COVID-19

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