This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Today, the increasing use of chemical preservatives in foods is considered one of the main problems in food industries. This study aimed to produce the pasteurised Doogh (Iranian yogurt drink) containing a nanoemulsion of essential oil (EO) with appropriate quality. A factorial test based on a completely randomised design with two treatments in three levels, including EO type (pennyroyal, Gijavash, and their equal combination) and a control sample was applied to assess the physicochemical and sensory properties of Doogh. The highest negative zeta potential and antioxidant activity percentage were observed in the sample containing the nanoemulsion of pennyroyal and enriched with a combination of two essential oils. The microbial evaluation results indicated that the total microorganism count was minimised in the Doogh containing the nanoemulsion of Gijavash. The nanoemulsions of pennyroyal and Gijavash can be added into Doogh formulation to produce a new product with maximum sensory acceptability.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

This study is aimed to optimise the preparation factors, such as sonication time (5–20 min), cholesterol to lecetin ratio (CHLR) (0.2–0.8), and essential oil content (0.1–0.3 g/100 g) in solvent evaporation method for formulation of liposomal nanocarriers containing garlic essential oil (GEO) in order to find the highest encapsulation efficiency and stability with strongest antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The droplet size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, turbidity, changes in turbidity after storage (as a measure of instability), antioxidant capacity, and antimicrobial activity were measured for all prepared samples of nanoliposome. The sonication time is recognised as the most effective factor on the droplet size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, turbidity, and instability while CHLR was the most effective factor on zeta potential and instability. The content of GEO significantly affected the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity in particular against gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). The results of FTIR based on the identification of functional groups confirmed the presence of GEO in the spectra of the prepared nanoliposome and also it was not observed the interaction between the components of the nanoliposome. The overall optimum conditions were determined by response surface methodology (RSM) as the predicted values of the studied factors (sonication time: 18.99 min, CHLR: 0.59 and content of GEO: 0.3 g/100 g) based on obtaining the highest stability and efficiency as well as strongest antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.

Functional foods are foods that have proven benefits for the maintenance or promotion of health beyond basic nutrition and help reduce the risk of disease. Functional foods include conventional foods, modified foods (i.e., fortified, enriched, or enhanced), medical foods, and foods for special dietary use. Functional beverages are nonalcoholic drink containing health-promoting ingredients like minerals, vitamins, amino acids, dietary fibers, probiotics, added raw fruits and herbs, polyphenols, pigments, etc., which positively