This paper investigates the resultant strength and ductility behavior when randomly distributed palm fibers are used to reinforce silty-sand soils. The composite soils were tested under laboratory conditions and examined for unconfined compression strength (UCS), California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and compaction test. The results indicated that; the maximum and residual strengths, orientation of surface failures, ductility and the stress-strain relationship of the specimens were substantially affected by the inclusion of palm fibers. A significant result was the determination that the sliding failure strength controlled the failure of the specimens rather than the rupture failure strength. Overall it was found that reinforced soil using palm fibers as the primary reinforcement are beneficial engineering materials and could potentially be used more often, though additional field use and testing should be carried out. Given the current concern over the environment and greenhouse gas emissions, strengthening soil through the use of natural materials (in this case palm fibers) and the promotion of the cultivation of palm groves is one way that engineers and designers can contribute to a greener earth. Add to this the fact that the date palm is one of the most cultivated tree crops in the world with a worldwide distribution of around 100 million palms distributed in 30 countries including the Middle East, Asia, Africa, North America, Mediterranean countries and Australia in a bountiful resource that is available in many places where high technology engineering practices are either not available or too expensive. The use of the date palm for soil reinforcement means that in many areas of the world there is a readily available, effective local source of material for road foundation construction.

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According to health studies, reinforcing gelatin is necessary in order to obtain the multifunctional material. In this study, nano zinc oxide (ZnO; at concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%) was doped with gelatin and the solution was electrospun under specific conditions to obtain multifunctional gelatin/ZnO nanofibers. The morphology of the nanofibers was studied by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) analysis indicated the presence of nano Zn on the surface of gelatin fibers. On the contrary, elemental mapping analysis proved the distribution of nano material along the nano gelatin fibers. The results show that the produced nano gelatin/ZnO composite increases the ultraviolet (UV) blocking of fabric significantly. It is also observed that electrospun gelatin/ZnO nanofibers have excellent bactericidal property against both Bacillus cereus (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) bacteria.