des Sciences Semialia Marrakech B.P. S/15. '': Laboratoire de la technologie des huiles, Programme-Olivier, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Marrakech B.P. 533. RESUMENEvolución de los ácidos grasos y de los esteróles durante la maduración de aceitunas de la variedad Picholine Marroquí.De junio a febrero se reoegieron 13 muestras de aceitunas de olivos de la variedad Picholine Marroquí. Los aceites de las primeras muestras tuvieron altos niveles de acidez (>1%) que posteriormente disminuyeron rápidamente para luego estabilizarse entre 0.36 y 0.44%. La evolución de los ácidos grasos totales mostró unos niveles relativamente altos de 018:3 en las primeras muestras. Estas proporciones disminuyeron durante el proceso de maduración y se estabilizaron a 0.8 -0.9% a comienzos de noviembre. El CI 6:0 disminuyó mientras que el 018:2 aumentó durante el proceso de maduración. Los ácidos grasos monoinsaturados predominaron en la posición Sn 2 glicerol. La suma de las proporciones de los ácidos palmítico y esteá-rico en esta posición llegó a ser más baja del 1.5% entre mediados de noviembre y principio de enero.La composición química de los ácidos grasos del mesocarpo es cuantitativamente y cualitativamente similar a la observada para los ácidos grasos totales de la aceituna en su totalidad. Sin embargo, los ácidos grasos totales de las semillas son cuantitativamente diferentes de los del mesocarpo. Las proporciones de estos ácidos grasos permanecieron estables desde mediados de septiembre. El p-sitosterol es el principal esterol en todas las muestras con una proporción que excedía el 84%. El A5 avenasterol alcanzó un máximo en la segunda mitad de enero al mismo tiempo que el p-sitosterol tuvo sus niveles más bajo. Los niveles de campesterol variaron entre 3 y 3.5% y los niveles de estigmasterol se estabilizaron alrededor del 1% hasta el comienzo de noviembre para luego disminuir al 0.5%. PALABRAS-CLAVE: Aceituna SUMMARY Fatty acids and sterols evolution during the ripening of olives from the Moroccan Picholine cultivar.From june to february 13 olive samples from Moroccan Picholine olive trees were collected. The oils from the first samples have high acidity levels (>1%). But this latter decreases rapidly then stabilizes between 0.36 and 0.44%. The evolution of the total fatty acids shows a relatively high rates of 018:3 in the first samples. These proportions decrease during the ripeness process and stabilize at 0.8 -0.9% from begining november. The CI6:0 decreases while 018:2 increases during the ripening. Monoinsaturated fatty acid predominate in the Sn 2 glycerol position. The sum of the palmitic and the stearic acids proportions in this position become less than 1.5% between mid november and begining January.The chemical composition of the mesocarp fatty acids is quantitatively and qualitatively similar to that observed for the total fatty acids of the whole olives. However, the total fatty acids of the olive seed are quantitatively different from those of the mesocarp. The proportions of these fatty acids ...
a The objective of the present paper is to contribute to a better understanding of the fouling phenomenon occurring during microfiltration of crude vegetable oil. To assess the role some oil components play in the fouling, the latter was monitored by the evolution of fluxes during the microfiltration of different model oils. Resistances to mass transfer were discussed to estimate the contribution of different phenomena and to compare hydrophilic and hydrophobic membrane materials. A drastic flux decline was obtained when filtering crude sunflower oil through different types of alumina membranes. Purified sunflower oil, with or without added free fatty acids, did not show any important fouling during crossflow microfiltration, suggesting that neither triglycerides nor free fatty acids are involved in the phenomenon to a large extent. By way of contrast, addition of phospholipids to the purified oil caused a drastic flux drop similar to that observed for the crude oil. The presence of small amounts of phospholipids increased the resistance to about 60 to 130% compared to that of the purified oil. The reason is most likely a fast adsorption occurring in the first instants during membrane wetting. Overall the fouling phenomenon is probably due to the fact that the phospholipids form supramolecular structures at the surface of the membrane.
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