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In this paper, we propose a novel image transmission scheme based on fractional-order discrete-time systems and on observers design. At the transmitter level, a grayscale original image is encrypted using chaotic signals generated from two different fractional-order chaotic systems. These signals should be available at the receiver level in order to recover this image at the reception end. This is why, two fractional-order observers are used to estimate the states of each fractional-order systems. In addition, in order to show the effectiveness of the proposed transmission system, simulation results will be illustrated and different analysis are given to illustrate and highlight the security and robustness of the proposed scheme.