Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of opium dependency on the healing of third-degree burns in rats. Material and Methods: Twenty-four rats were randomly divided to experimental and control groups. In the experimental group, opium was added to the drinking water for 21 days at increasing concentrations. The control group did not receive opium. To prove dependency on opium in the rats, naloxone was injected intraperitoneally. Full-thickness burn wounds were inflicted by applying an iron cuboid preheated to 94°C to the flank of all rats for 20 s. On day 14 after burn injury, full-thickness biopsies were taken. Blind histopathologic evaluation was performed to assess length and thickness of the re-epithelialization area, number of neutrophils, fibroblasts, mononuclear cells and new vessels, and percentage of tissue in repair (neutrophilic exudate, and granulation and fibrous tissue). Findings were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The wound surface area was 95 ± 43.35 mm² in the control group and 120.4 ± 50.12 mm² in the experimental group (p = 0.224). The findings show that opium dependency has no significant effect on the healing of burn wounds in rats except for the number of monocytes on day 14 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Morphine dependency does not seem to be as effective on third-degree burn healing.

Opium is an important substance that abuses and has very pharmacological and pathological effects. Morphine is the main substance of opium. In the recent study, it has been tried to identify the short effects of morphine on the kidney pathology of Rats. The randomized double blind study was designed. Twenty rats were selected and divided in two groups and maintained under routine laboratory conditions and similar intervention. One group had been addicted orally by morphine powder and control were not addict. After three weeks, all rats were anesthetized and underwent autopsy. Their kidneys were removed en-block and sent to pathology laboratory and reviewed by one pathologist. The major considered variables were tubulo-interstitial and glomerular changes, glomerular amount and size on light microscope view. Glomerular, tubular and vascular changes, glomerular counts, glomerular size, and cortical thickness showed no significant differences between groups of study. Only Lymphocytic infiltration was higher frequency in addict group, significantly P=0.007. It seems short course of morphine consumption is very little effect on kidney, only Lymphocytic infiltration observe in addicted renal tissue which, may be precursor of other changes in kidney. It is better long term studies are implemented in this course

Introduction: Hemorrhoids can be managed by means of several therapeutic options. Regarding this, it is of fundamental importance to identify the hemorrhoidectomy method with fewer complications (e.g., bleeding, pain, and postoperative infections) or beneficial outcomes (e.g., accelerated speed of wound healing and resumption of normal life activities). Such knowledge can play a significant role in the advancement of medical and educational goals. Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare the clinical results of Milligan-Morgan surgery and hemorapy device in the treatment of patients with hemorrhoids.Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 60 patients aged over 20 years with hemorrhoids referring to Bahonar and Afzalipour hospitals of Kerman, Iran, and diagnosed to need surgery by a surgical specialist. The study population was selected using a simple randomization method and then allocated into two groups of A and B, regardless of gender. Group A was operated by open or Milligan-Morgan technique, while group B was subjected to hemorapy method. After the surgery, the patients' data were recorded in specific forms and analyzed by SPSS software (version 21). Results:Out of 60 patients with hemorrhoids, 37 (64%) cases were male. Regarding the severity of hemorrhoids, 19 (32%) and 41 (68%) patients had fourth-degree and third-degree hemorrhoids, respectively. The mean age of the patients was 35.86±12.84 years. Four weeks after the surgery, the mean pain scores of the patients in the Milligan-Morgan and hemorapy groups were 3.67±1.84 and 1.67±1.35, respectively, showing a statistically significant difference (P=0.001). However, 8 weeks post-surgery, no pain, bleeding events, urinary retention, or incontinence were observed in the patients, except for anal stenosis in two patients treated with Milligan-Morgan method.Conclusions: According to the results, hemorapy method resulted in lower postoperative pain than Milligan-Morgan method. In addition, the hemorapy technique was accompanied by considerably fewer complications, such as bleeding, urinary retention, gas incontinence, and stenosis, compared to the Milligan-Morgan method. Consequently, hemorapy method can be recommended for hemorrhoidectomy.