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Abstract7‐Methoxy‐8‐(3‐methylbut‐2‐enyl)‐2‐chromenone (osthol) (OL) was modified to its acid derivative; 3‐(2,4‐Dimethoxy‐3‐(3‐methylbut‐2‐en‐1‐yl)phenyl)acrylic acid (OAD) via base catalysed ring opening mechanism. The structural properties, electronic spectra, single crystal analysis, with the support of density functional theory (DFT), have been investigated extensively. Furthermore, in vitro cell viability was carried out on different cancer cell lines.

Water is one of the most precious natural resources of the earth, without which the living beings cannot survive. Water is important for the sustenance of human civilization. Man uses water for many purposes like drinking, cleaning, washing, bathing, heating, rearing cattle, and farming. Mankind, for the bettering of themselves and society, advanced towards industries and industrial products. But this progress towards industrialization not only utilizes huge amounts of fresh water, but returns water to the environment with pollutants, which changes its natural quality. Thus, mankind is heading towards misery, instead of comfort. Effective measures need to be taken to prevent, minimize, and control water pollution before it becomes too late.

The chapter gives an idea about water as a life-sustaining medium and the sources of its pollution along with the deteriorating effects of over burdening of natural resources and the effect of various heavy metal ions discharged into the water bodies on human health and wellbeing. Several human diseases and disorders that are caused due to intake of water polluted by toxic heavy metal ions are also listed. The need and urgency in determination and removal of heavy metal ions from the water sources in order to release load on aquifers by making water safe for reuse is emphasized. The procedure and advantages of composite cation-exchangers along with the work carried out in the field to develop various lead, cadmium, chromium, and mercury selective cation-exchangers are also included. The utility of organic-inorganic composite material for the detection of heavy metals, which render portable water unsafe for use and pose a threat to the wellbeing of man, is also discussed.