Modeling and allocation of the Electric vehicles Charging Stations (EVCS) within the distribution network, as per the growing use of Electric vehicles (EVs) is a challenging task. In this paper, to manage the EVCS, first, with the aim of peak shaving, valley filling, and flattening the load curve of the network, the optimal planning of EV's charging/discharging is devised. In this regard, after modeling involving random variables, a novel hybrid method, based on the Multi Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) optimization algorithm and sequential Monte Carlo simulation is presented. The purpose of the presented optimal charge/discharge schedule is to control the rate and time of charging/ discharging of EVs. In the proposed model, various battery operation strategies, including Uncontrolled Charging Mode (UCM), Controlled Charging Mode (CCM), and Smart Charge/Discharge Mode (SCDM) are also considered. In the next step, in order to implement the charge/discharge schedule of the EVCS profitably, a new formulation is presented for the allocation of two EVCSs (administrative and residential EVCS). In the proposed formulation, various objective functions such as power loss reduction, reducing power purchases from the upstream network, reducing voltage deviation in buses, improving reliability is addressed. Moreover, to incentivize the owner to construct the EVCS with adopted charging/discharging schedule, the optimal profits sharing between Distribution System Operator (DSO) and EVCS owner is also performed. The proposed formulation is applied to a standard network (IEEE 69 buses) and encouraging results are achieved.

Abstract-In this paper, to calculate the salient pole machine inductances under radial and axial non-uniformity, a new method is developed. The method, an extension of the modified winding function theory to 3D, allows studying salient pole machines with radial and axial non-uniform air gap considering more realistic mean radius of the air gap. By using the developed method and a precise geometrical model, inductances of a salient pole machine with inclined rotor are calculated. Inductances are evaluated and effects of several asymmetries on inductances are shown. Calculated inductances are used in a coupled electromagnetic model, for simulation of a salient pole machine under healthy and different inclined eccentricity conditions. Simulation results show that the 19th stator current harmonic can be detected to alarm for inclined rotors. Experimental results that validate the theoretical and simulation results are presented.

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In this article, comprehensive analytical equations are developed to compute time-varying inductances of salient pole machines with any eccentricity type and degree in a unified technique. For this purpose, the inverse air-gap function of the eccentric salient pole machine has been defined, and its indefinite integral has then been determined. The derived analytical expressions, unlike the previous proposals, take into account all the harmonics of the inverse of the air-gap function without any development in Fourier series. The presented method eliminates the need for inexact analytical equations, numerical differentiations, and huge lookup tables, which are common in the modified winding function approach. Theoretical fundamentals and experimental results that validate the proposed technique are presented.

Summary Different optimization algorithms and methods have been proposed in recent decades, most of which are somehow inspired from nature and natural events, especially those that can simply be analyzed and formulated. This work aims to propose a new optimization method inspired from growth and fecundity process of plants, which enable it to prune some branches of the plant or tree, that is, bad parts of the search space which do not meet the problem constrains and rapidly search the whole search space. By analogy, we can prune the search space of an optimization problem, cutting and ignoring its bad parts, the parts that certainly do not meet the problem constrains, so that the search speed and quality can be improved considerably. By improving the search quality, we mean to completely get rid of being trapped in local minimum. There are subtle similarities between pruning a tree to improve its fertility and pruning a search space of an optimization problem to improve the prosperity of optimization algorithm. JMAG‐Designer software is used for the finite element analysis.