The shear failure of reinforced concrete (RC) beams is a critical issue and has attracted the attention of researchers. The specific challenges of shear failure are the numerous factors affecting shear strength, the nonlinear behavior, and the nonlinear relationship between affecting parameters and the concrete properties. This study tackles this challenge by employing Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models. Since, according to No Free Lunch theorem, the performance of optimization algorithms is problem-dependent, this paper aims to assess the feasibility of modeling the shear strength of RC beams using ANNs trained with the Tabu Search Training (TST) algorithm. To this end, 248 experimental results were collected from the literature, and a feed-forward ANN model was employed to predict the shear strength. To assess its feasibility, the ANNs were also modeled using the Particle Swarm Optimization, and Imperialist Competitive Algorithms. As a traditional technique, the multiple regression model was also employed. The shear design equations of ACI-318-2019 were also investigated and compared with Tabu Search Trained ANN model. The analysis of results suggests the superiority of Tabu Search Trained ANNs in comparison to other suggested models in literature and the ACI-318-2019 design code.

The use of spur dikes have been recently considered by researchers in order to change the direction or flow regime in the lateral intake. In this study, the effect of spur dikes on increasing the intake discharge has been examined to minimize turbulence, erosion and sedimentation. Five experimental models in two different discharges were used. The model without the spur dike is the control model, and spur dikes in the other models were placed upstream and in the direction of the intake; upstream and in front of the intake; downstream and in front of intake; and also upstream and in front of intake as a form of spur dike series. The results showed that the spur dikes downstream and in front of the intake had the highest input discharge to the intake in both discharge states. A lower rate of erosion and sedimentation was achieved when the spur dike was located upstream of the channel.

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