Effective evidence-based intervention for traumatic bereavement is one of the current major research issues in the field of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in children and adolescents. The "Writing for Recovery" group intervention is a new treatment approach developed by the Children and War Foundation for traumatized and bereaved children and adolescents after disasters. The purpose of this project was an empirical examination of this intervention with 12- to 18-year-old war bereaved Afghani refugees. Eighty-eight war bereaved Afghani refugees were screened using the Traumatic Grief Inventory for Children (TGIC). From those with the highest total score, 61 were randomly assigned to either an experimental (n = 29) or control group (n = 32). The experimental group received six sessions of group training on 3 consecutive days in their school. The difference of TGIC scores between the experimental group in pretest and posttest was significant (p = 0.001). Results of analysis of covariance also showed a significant effect of Writing for Recovery on the experimental group (p < 0.001). It is concluded that "Writing for Recovery" is an effective group intervention for bereaved children and adolescents after disasters.

Test anxiety is a serious problem for many college students. This study examines the development and validation of the Online Test Anxiety Inventory (OTAI) to evaluate test anxiety among online students. In this study, the OTAI is developed and administered to a sample of 157 postgraduate online students: 77 males and 80 females, aged 22 to 51 years. To design the initial version of the 38-item, Sarason’s Test Anxiety Scale, Abolghsemi’s Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI) and Spielberger’s Test Anxiety Scale were studied, and many interviews were conducted with online learning students who had a high level of test anxiety. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was employed to obtain the Goodness of Fit Indices of the model to the data. The final result is a multidimensional, 18-item OTAI comprised of three factors— online, psychological, and physiological—with a high internal consistency (α = 0.91) and acceptable criterion validity. Concurrent validity was measured by the association of the OTAI and the TAI (r = 0.83).

Introduction:According to the World Health Organization eating disorder is one of the most challenging diseases of adolescents with a developing prevalence.Aim: The present study was aimed at comparing the effect of schema therapy and CBT on modifying early maladaptive schemas in patients with bulimia nervosa considering parental bonding. Method:The study had an experimental method was used in this study with pretest-posttest design and followed-up with control group. The study population included all patients from 16 to 23 years of age with eating disorders who had referred to psychiatry centers of in Tehran. Purposive sampling was used in this study in which, by performing psychological screening, 39 patients were diagnosed to have Bulimia nervosa. Finally, the selected patients were matched in two experimental groups and one control group. The data was collected through two questionnaires (Parental Bonding Questionnaire and Young Schema) and diagnostic interviews based on diagnostic criteria for eating disorders and psychiatric diagnosis. Results:The main problems of the patients included having cuts, being rejected, autonomy, and impaired performance. However, they were less vulnerable in other areas including orientation and violating restrictions. Conclusion:The findings of this study can be helpful in the etiology of bulimia nervosa disorder based on the systematic approach and pave the way for further research in this area.

Background and objective:Recent studies have shown that one of the major effects of child sexual abuse is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD can be associated with depression and loneliness, which, if untreated, lead to longterm complications. The aim of this research was to study the effectiveness of group play therapy on depression and loneliness in 7-11 years old children with PTSD caused by sexual abuse in Tehran. Materials and methods: This study was a quasi-experimental with a pre-test, posttest and follow-up design using a control group that was done in 2015. 34 children with PTSD due to sexual abuse were selected through convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group was treated in 7 sessions with each 1.5 hours by Group play therapy. Loneliness Questionnaire and Children's Depression Inventory were used to collect the data. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 using analysis of covariance method. Results: There was significant difference between depression and loneliness in the experimental and control groups (p = 0.000, F = 10.646), (p = 0.000, F = 29.54). By eliminating the effect of pre-test in the follow-up phase, the treatment effect was maintained. Conclusion: Group play therapy can effectively reduce depression and loneliness in children with PTSD. Paper Type: Research Article.