IntroductionComplementary medicine (CM) consumption is a common practice worldwide. The objective of this study is to find the prevalence of parents visiting the neurology clinic who utilize CM to treat their children. MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study that was done at King Abdullah Specialized Children Hospital (KASCH), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between 2018 and 2019. By using a self-administered questionnaire, data were collected to recognize the prevalence of using CM and to identify the commonest type or method. ResultsA total of 352 parents were given the questionnaire. The prevalence of CM usage among participant was 42%, the most common type of CM was Quran recitation at 66%, followed by herbal medicine at 30% and cautery at 26%. ConclusionAlmost half of the parents who visited the neurology clinic at KASCH have used complementary medicine for their children, and nearly three-quarters of the parents who never used CM have thought about using it. Therefore, CM is common in the Saudi Arabian culture.

Objectives: Comparison of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) with multiple daily injections (MDI) in achieving glycemic control in youths with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods: Retrospective cohort study including 2 matched groups of youths with T1DM treated by CSII or MDI in a tertiary specialized children’s hospital in Saudi Arabia. Children and adolescents aged up to 18 years, diagnosed with T1DM and using CSII or MDI, from the period 2016 to 2018. Patients on MDI were newly-diagnosed patients with T1DM who had the disease for only 1 year duration; all CSII patients had at least 1 to 2 years of T1DM but who had just started on pumps in the past 3 months. We excluded patients with other autoimmune diseases, non-ambulatory patients and those admitted to hospital for non-diabetes reasons. Primary outcome was HbA1c at 1, 2, and 3 years, with weight gain as a secondary outcome. Ambulatory glycemic profile was analyzed from a subset of patients using intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM). Results: A total of 168 youths with T1DM (n = 129 in the MDI group, n = 39 in the CSII group) were included. The CSII group consistently had lower HbA1c levels compared to the MDI group throughout a 3-year follow up period: 8.1% versus 10.1, P-value < .001 at 1 year, 7.5% versus 10.1% at 2 years, P-value  < .001, 8.9% versus 10.3% at 3 years, P-value = .033. Body mass index significantly increased in both groups at 1 year, although greater in CSII group. In a subgroup using isCGM (n = 37 on MDI and n = 29 on CSII), the CSII group had a lower average blood glucose (194 mg/dL vs 228 mg/dL, P-value = .028) and a lower estimated HbA1c level (8.4% vs 9.6%, P-value = .022). Conclusion: Treatment with CSII resulted in lower HbA1c compared to MDI in our cohort, which was sustained over a 3-year period.

Background: Traumatic head injury represents a substantial cause of trauma in pediatric emergency rooms (ER). This study aimed to calculate the prevalence of abnormal CT scan reports (CT) in the pediatric ER at King Abdullah Specialized Children&apos;s Hospital (KASCH) in Riyadh. In addition, it examined different variables that are more likely associated with a normal CT scan. Methods: This single-center retrospective chart review study was conducted using non-probability convenience sampling; data were collected from the electronic health records of ER pediatric patients. Patients aged 0 to 14 years, who had a trauma and a brain CT scan ordered in KASCH ER, from May 2017 to May 2019 were included. Results: In total, 502 CT scans were done due to a traumatic head-related event. About a third (34.5%, n=173) had an abnormal CT scan, with the majority of the group (69.4%, n=120) being male. The highest rate of abnormal CT scans (28.9%) was in the 2 to 5 years age group. The most common mechanism of injury was falling (55%), followed by motor vehicle accidents (MVA) (33.5%). Falling, as a mechanism of injury, were accounted for more than half of the injuries in both the normal (57.1%) and abnormal (50.9%) CT scans. Conclusion: Two thirds of the head CT included in this study resulted in normal CT findings and a considerable number of the abnormal findings were linear non-displaced fractures that can be detected by X-ray.