Juvenile psammomatoid ossifying fibroma is a rare benign fibro-osseous tumor of the gnathic and extragnathic craniofacial bones, particularly the periorbital, frontal and ethmoid bones. It is slowly progressive with aggressive local growth, invasion and destruction of the surrounding tissue, bone erosion and recurrence after surgical excision. It is distinguished from the other fibroosseous lesions by its age of onset, clinical presentation and aggressive behavior.

Challenges are still lie ahead in treating head and neck carcinoma, as in spite of using multimodality treatment approach and biological and molecular research, the overall survival percentage has not changed much. In India as oral cavity carcinoma is in increasing trend in younger individuals massive health promotion and awareness programs targeting the risk population along with financial support for those already affected are required.

This study was aimed to examine the genetic diversity and population structure of Indian melon landraces with special reference to disease and insect resistance loci. Thirty-six simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers along with seven markers at disease and insect resistance loci were used for this purpose on a panel of 91 accessions available at Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, India. Model-based structure analysis revealed the presence of four groups that were consistent with the results of principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). The delineation of populations was mostly based on geography with improved varieties as a separate group. Ten accessions have been identified to possess beneficial alleles at all the selected disease resistance loci and shall be useful for incorporating multiple disease resistance after phenotypic validation. The results obtained in the current study demonstrate the importance of the Indian melon group as a valuable genetic reservoir and the need to plan strategies for its conservation and utilization in breeding programmes.

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