Context Rare partial/complete loss-of-function mutations in the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) gene are the most common cause of Mendelian obesity in European populations, but their contribution to obesity in the Mexican population is unclear. Objective and Design We investigated whether deleterious mutations in MC4R contribute to obesity in Mexican children and adults. Results We provide evidence that the MC4R p.Ile269Asn (rs79783591) mutation may have arisen in modern human populations from a founder event in native Mexicans. The MC4R Isoleucine 269 is perfectly conserved across 184 species, which suggests a critical role for the amino acid in MC4R activity. Four in silico tools (SIFT, PolyPhen-2, CADD, MutPred2) predicted a deleterious impact of the p.Ile269Asn substitution on MC4R function. The MC4R p.Ile269Asn mutation was associated with childhood (Ncontrols = 952, Ncases = 661, odds ratio (OR) = 3.06, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) [1.94–4.85]) and adult obesity (Ncontrols = 1445, Ncases = 2,487, OR = 2.58, 95%CI [1.52–4.39]). The frequency of the MC4R p.Ile269Asn mutation ranged from 0.52 to 0.59% and 1.53 to 1.59% in children and adults with normal weight and obesity, respectively. The MC4R p.Ile269Asn mutation co-segregated perfectly with obesity in 5 multigenerational Mexican pedigrees. While adults with obesity carrying the p.Ile269Asn mutation had higher BMI values than noncarriers, this trend was not observed in children. The MC4R p.Ile269Asn mutation accounted for a population attributable risk of 1.28% and 0.68% for childhood and adult obesity, respectively, in the Mexican population. Conclusion The MC4R p.Ile269Asn mutation may have emerged as a founder mutation in native Mexicans and is associated with childhood and adult obesity in the modern Mexican population.

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The objective of this paper is to develop a mobile blood donation management system application. This paper an android based application development technique by using an ERP model database management system. The techniques involve using mobile development IDEs and adequate APIs to have desired functionalities. There are two main mobile developing platforms present in the world iOS and Android. We have developed our application on Android OS. Different applications were surveyed and used to explore the presently available features to the end-user. After trials and research, the outline was made to what extent should go and developed. As the system is developed for hospitals and donors, the hospital puts a request for blood groups on the application. The system then finds nearby users online with the requested blood groups, if anybody required for his / her relative he or she can use this application for find donors who are available or offline with full information of donor if donor or user is interested in donation then he has done to the requester. Users' locations are tracked in real-time. If the users proceed to the hospital, the tracking shows if they are coming or not.

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