Ingrown toenails are a common condition in general medicine and dermatology, and they occur when the nail curves inward and pierces the nail fold. Symptoms include pain in the affected toe, erythema and edema. The diagnosis is made clinically and, if left untreated, ingrown toenails can lead to infections and even cellulitis and osteomyelitis. Conservative treatments involve clipping on the spicule and topical antibiotics. However, the mainstay of treatment is matricectomy to reduce the recurrence rate. The risk of ingrown toenail development can be reduced by wearing proper footwear, keeping toenails cut straight and overall foot hygiene. Ingrown toenails can affect various patient populations but are more prevalent in males, young adolescents and pregnant patients. Risk factors include obesity, diabetes, improper toenail clipping and improper footwear. This review explores the clinical manifestations of ingrown toenails, along with their diagnosis and treatment, providing a concise review for physicians to accurately identify and effectively treat patients with ingrown toenails or their resultant complications.

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Objective: The premise of our study was to investigate the characteristics of family medicine (FM) manuscripts that predicted to affect its citation rate. Design: We conducted a cross-sectional study of published articles (n = 191), from January to June 2008, from 6 major FM journals with the highest impact factor. Annals of Family Medicine (IF = 1.864), British Journal of General Medicine (1.104), Journal of American Board of Family Medicine (1.015), Family Practice (0.976), BMC Family Practice (0.815) and Canadian Family Physicians (0.283). Citation counts for these articles were retrieved using Web of Science filter on SCImago and 26 article characteristics were tabulated manually. We then predicted the citation rate by performing univariate analysis, spearman rank-order correlation, and multiple regression model on the collected variables. Results: Using spearman rank-order correlation, we found the following variables to have significant positive correlation with citations: number of references (rs and p-value, 0.21529 and 0.0028 respectively), total words (0.22979, 0.0014), number of pages (0.22124, 0.0021), study design in title (0.03, 0.0001), structured abstract (0.06, 0.005), and open access (0.03, 0.003). In a multivariate linear regression model, the following variables predicted increased citation rates (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.38): reporting of study design in the title, structured abstract and open access. Conclusion: Editors and authors of FM can enhance the impact of their journals and articles by utilizing this bibliometric study when assembling their manuscript. Key Words: Bibliometrics; citation rate; citation; manuscript; Family Medicine

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