We studied polymorphism of the HIV coreceptor CC chemokine receptor (CCR) 5 in 1099 Chinese adults residing in Hong Kong, including 785 HIV-negative healthy donors and 314 HIV-positive patients. Ten mutants in the CCR5 open reading frame were identified, 7 of which were nonsynonymous. The frequencies of these alleles did not show a significant difference between HIV patients and healthy controls. G106R, Delta32, R223Q, 299(FS), and S336I were cloned from prevalent mutant genes, and their effects on HIV infection were analyzed by a series of in vitro experiments to determine their transcription levels, expression levels, conformational changes, and HIV coreceptor function. R223Q is the most prevalent CCR5 mutant in ethnic Chinese, with a frequency of 0.046, which does not affect HIV infection in vitro, however. The S336I mutant also does not affect its transcription, expression, or HIV coreceptor function. Similar to 299(FS), the mutant G106R located in the third transmembrane domain results in diminished HIV coreceptor function in vitro through conformation changes in ECL2.

Black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) is one of major farmed fish in Korea and inhabits in Southeast Asia including Korea, Japan, and China (Zhou et al., 2011).Since they have a good taste and are perceived as a highclass fish, its demand and productivity increase consistently (Wang et al., 2019). To improve the productivity and quality of this fish as a food material, understanding the regulatory mechanism of skeletal muscle development of this fish is required.Muscle satellite cells, also known as muscle stem cells, are the small quiescent cells located between the muscle fibre and the surrounding basement membrane and responsible for skeletal muscle regeneration (Zammit and Beauchamp, 2001;Montarras et al., 2013). In response to injury, these quiescent cells become activated, proliferate, and build new skeletal muscle (Bischoff and Heintz, 1994;Shi and Garry, 2006). It has been well known that paired box protein, PAX7, as a member of the paired box fam-