Reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) during chemotherapy is well documented. However, there are limited data on this complication in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing transarterial chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of preemptive lamivudine therapy in reducing hepatitis due to HBV reactivation in patients with HCC undergoing transarterial chemo-lipiodolization (TACL) and to seek predictors of this event. A total of 73 consecutive HCC patients undergoing TACL using epirubicin 50 mg/m 2 and cisplatin 60 mg/m 2 at monthly intervals were prospectively and randomly assigned to receive lamivudine 100 mg daily from the start of TACL (preemptive group) or not (control group). During the study, 11 (29.7%) of 37 patients in the control group and 1 (2.8%) of 36 patients in the preemptive group developed hepatitis due to HBV reactivation (P ؍ .002). In addition, there were significantly more incidences of overall hepatitis (P ؍ .021) and severe grade of hepatitis (P ؍ .035) in the control group. With multivariate Cox regression model, a baseline HBV DNA level of more than 10 4 copies/mL was the only independent predictor of hepatitis due to HBV reactivation during chemo-lipiodolization (P ؍ .046). In conclusion, preemptive lamivudine therapy demonstrated excellent efficacy in reducing hepatitis due to HBV reactivation and hepatic morbidity during TACL. Preemptive therapy should be considered in HCC patients with an HBV DNA level of more than 10 4 copies/mL. Further studies are needed to confirm the value of this approach in patients with low-level viremia. (HEPATOLOGY 2006;43:233-240.)
Skin‐based wearable devices have a great potential that could result in a revolutionary approach to health monitoring and diagnosing disease. With continued innovation and intensive attention to the materials and fabrication technologies, development of these healthcare devices is progressively encouraged. This article gives a concise, although admittedly non‐exhaustive, didactic review of some of the main concepts and approaches related to recent advances and developments in the scope of skin‐based wearable devices (e.g. temperature, strain, biomarker‐analysis werable devices, etc.), with an emphasis on emerging materials and fabrication techniques in the relevant fields. To give a comprehensive statement, part of the review presents and discusses different aspects of these advanced materials, such as the sensitivity, biocompatibility and durability as well as the major approaches proposed for enhancing their chemical and physical properties. A complementary section of the review linking these advanced materials with wearable device technologies is particularly specified. Some of the strong and weak points in development of each wearable material/device are highlighted and criticized. Several ideas regarding further improvement of skin‐based wearable devices are also discussed.
Flexible and wearable electronic sensors are useful for the early diagnosis and monitoring of an individual's health state. Sampling of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) derived from human breath/skin or monitoring abrupt changes in heart-beat/breath rate should allow noninvasive monitoring of disease states at an early stage. Nevertheless, for many reported wearable sensing devices, interaction with the human body leads incidentally to unavoidable scratches and/or mechanical cuts and bring about malfunction of these devices. We now offer proof-of-concept of nanoparticle-based flexible sensor arrays with fascinating self-healing abilities. By integrating a self-healable polymer substrate with 5 kinds of functionalized gold nanoparticle films, a sensor array gives a fast self-healing (<3 h) and attractive healing efficiency in both the substrate and sensing films. The proposed platform was used in sensing pressure variation and 11 kinds of VOCs. The sensor array had satisfactory sensitivity, a low detection limit, and promising discrimination features in monitoring both of VOCs and pressure variation, even after full healing. These results presage a new type of smart sensing device, with a desirable performance in the possible detection and/or clinical application for a number of different purposes.
A series of novel and narrowly polydispersed regular chain-segmented hyperbranched poly(tertiary amino methacrylate)s (HPTAM)s with hydrophilic core and hydrophobic shell were synthesized via the combination of self-condensing vinyl copolymerization (SCVCP) and reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) methodology. 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and 2-((2-(((dodecylthio)carbonothioyl)thio)-2-methylpropanoyl)oxy)ethyl acrylate (ACDT) at various molar feed ratios (γ, [DMAEMA]:[ACDT]) were chosen as monomers for linear segment formation of the structure. The copolymerization kinetics revealed that during the polymerization the real-time γ value kept almost constant and was consistent with the initial feed ratio. So HPTAMs possesses regular linear chains between every two neighboring branching units, which closely resemble HyperMacs in structure. Fast click-like Menschutkin reaction (i.e., quaternarization) of the segmented hyperbranched polymers with propargyl bromide and 2-azidoethyl 2-bromoacetate readily afforded water-soluble and clickable poly(propargyl quaternary ammonium methacrylate) (HPPrAM) and poly(azide quaternary ammonium methacrylate) (HPAzAM), respectively. Through Cu(I)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), the HPPrAMs were functionalized with 1-azidododecane and 2-azidoethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate, giving birth to amphiphilic hyperbranched polyelectrolytes (or hyperbranched surfactants) and hyperbranched ATRP macroinitiators, respectively. The HPAzAMs were efficiently decorated with monoalkynyl poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-Alk) via CuAAC, generating dendritic polymer brushes, a novel architecture reported for the first time. In addition, core-functionazlied star-shaped HPPrAM-star-poly(tert-butyl acrylate) was synthesized by RAFT copolymerization and Menschutkin reaction.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.