Background Dysphagia (swallowing problems), which is common a er stroke, is associated with increased risk of death or dependency, occurrence of pneumonia, poor quality of life, and longer hospital stay. Treatments provided to improve dysphagia are aimed at accelerating recovery of swallowing function and reducing these risks. This is an update of the review first published in 1999 and updated in 2012. Objectives To assess the e ects of swallowing therapy on death or dependency among stroke survivors with dysphagia within six months of stroke onset.