Plant terpenes have proven to be effective in stimulation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) biodegradation in soil systems. However, data on the application of plant terpenes in marine sediments contaminated with PCBs remains limited. The aim of this study was to ascertain the roles of a PCB degrading consortium and plant terpenes in stimulation of PCB biodegradation in marine sediments. The consortium culture 1-2Mix (strains 1-2M and 1-2T in commensalism), a utilizer of biphenyl and a natural substrate was enriched and isolated from marine sediments from the Busan coast, South Korea. PCB degradation by this culture was shown to be more effectively induced by tangerine peel extract than other known substrates (limonene, pinene, and cymene). Coastal sediment microcosms inoculated with 1-2Mix were set up to elucidate the effect of the consortium and plant terpenes on degradation of Aroclor 1242. After four weeks, the highest removal rates of PCBs, compared with the control (autoclaved sediment and no inoculation of 1-2Mix), were observed in order of the inducers tested; biphenyl (71.1%), tangerine peel extract (69.5%), surfactant (66.0%), and limonene (63.0%). Bioaugmentation effect was doubled in the presence of natural substrates such as tangerine peel extract and limonene, indicating effectiveness of these substrates in biostimulation. It was concluded that the tangerine peel extract could replace biphenyl as a feasible induction substrate for effective remediation of PCBs in the marine sediment. © KSBB

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: In general, Introducing of the Designated Manager System (DMS) of public facilities has been promoted as part of administrative reforms for planning improvement of service for customers by a private and budget cuts of operations management. DMS has begun to be introduced to the public marina facilities in earnest in 2006, it is evaluated positive about efficiency in terms of business(budget cuts). However, there is no discussion about efficiency (likes service satisfaction of client-side) from the marina whose major job is service. The primary purpose of this study is to clarify the benefits and challenges as a result of the Designated Manager System (DMS) launch implemented by local governments, following the relevant amendments to the Local Government Law. The second purpose is to clarify, from the viewpoint of users, what changes have taken place after the DMS launch, focusing on public marinas operated under the DMS. As for the primary purpose, the study is intended to clarify the economic benefits of the DMS and the significance of the DMS launch at a prefectural government level. This will help us assess whether it would be worthwhile to encourage private companies or non-profit organizations (NPO) to participate in the management and operation of public facilities under the DMS scheme. Most of the studies to date have examined the benefits of the DMS launch, focusing on the economic benefits for local governments. This study is intended to clarify the benefits and disadvantages to users of the DMS launch from the viewpoint of users.

Factor analyses were performed on fifty eight national fishing ports in Korea, excluding ones on remote islands, with respect to their latent tourism potential, and they were classified as historical/cultural type, fisheries industry-oriented type, tourism development type, nature preservation type, or fishing port-dependent type. Then, cluster analyses were performed to examine these fishing ports from the perspectives of fisheries industry/preservation type and recreation/development type. Results of analyses on tourism characteristics of fishing ports according to the typology indicated regionally uneven trends. In addition, the results of our analyses on the fishing ports with respect to latent tourism potential and tourism structural characteristics showed that the most important contributing factors were production quantity of fisheries products and moorage facilities, followed by nature tourist sites, harbor fixed-water area, and outlying facilities, in that order. Therefore, in developing fishing ports for tourism in the future, political measures are required to enhance fisheries industry bases for maintaining the function of fishing grounds, and, additionally, projects for improving the environment, such as purification of harbor water, are necessary.