Auslöser für größtes Massenaussterben der Erdgeschichte identifiziert Neue Studie liefert umfassende Rekonstruktion der Perm-Trias-Grenze 19.10.2020/Kiel. Vor 252 Millionen Jahren starben am Übergang vom Erdzeitalter des Perm zu dem der Trias die meisten damals auf der Erde existierenden Lebensformen aus. Mit Hilfe neuester Analysemethoden und detaillierter Modellrechnungen ist es Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftlern des GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrums für Ozeanforschung Kiel in Kooperation mit dem Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum und internationalen Partnern jetzt erstmals gelungen, die geochemischen Abläufe, die zu diesem Massenaussterben geführt haben, schlüssig nachzuvollziehen. Die Studie ist heute in der Fachzeitschrift Nature Geoscience erschienen.

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The loss of carbonate production during the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (T-OAE, ca. 183 Ma) is hypothesized to have been at least partly triggered by ocean acidification linked to magmatism from the Karoo-Ferrar large igneous province (southern Africa and Antarctica). However, the dynamics of acidification have never been directly quantified across the T-OAE. Here, we present the first record of temporal evolution of seawater pH spanning the late Pliensbachian and early Toarcian from the Lusitanian Basin (Portugal) reconstructed on the basis of boron isotopic composition (δ11B) of brachiopod shells. δ11B declines by ~1‰ across the Pliensbachian-Toarcian boundary (Pl-To) and attains the lowest values (~12.5‰) just prior to and within the T-OAE, followed by fluctuations and a moderately increasing trend afterwards. The decline in δ11B coincides with decreasing bulk CaCO3 content, in parallel with the two-phase decline in carbonate production observed at global scales and with changes in pCO2 derived from stomatal indices. Seawater pH had declined significantly already prior to the T-OAE, probably due to the repeated emissions of volcanogenic CO2. During the earliest phase of the T-OAE, pH increased for a short period, likely due to intensified continental weathering and organic carbon burial, resulting in atmospheric CO2 drawdown. Subsequently, pH dropped again, reaching the minimum in the middle of the T-OAE. The early Toarcian marine extinction and carbonate collapse were thus driven, in part, by ocean acidification, similar to other Phanerozoic events caused by major CO2 emissions and warming.