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Cefepime is a broad-spectrum semi synthetic β-lactamase resistant fourth generation cephalosporin. Looking to potential for clinical use, pharmacokinetics of cefepime following single intravenous and intramuscular (IM) dose (100mg/kg b. wt.) in healthy and experimentally Salmonella typhimurium infected broiler chickens were determined. Cefepime concentration in serum samples was determined by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography with mobile phase. The mobile phase was a mixture of 10mM phosphate buffer (pH 7): Methanol; 75:25 was always freshly prepared. Flow rates were 1 ml/min. UV detection was performed at 256 nm, injection volume was 20 µl. After a single intravenous injection, cefepime reached its maximum serum concentrations of 4.28 ± 0.37μg/ml in normal chickens, while in the infected chickens, the maximum serum concentration was 2.62 ± 0.72 μg/ml. Cefepime was eliminated after intravenous injection with half-life (t1/2 β) of 4.608 ± 0.145 h in normal which significantly longer than 4.19 ± 0.158 h in infected chickens. The mean residence time (MRT) was 6.51 ± 0.189h in normal vs 5.86±0.18 h in infected chickens. After IM administration the drug reached its maximum serum concentrations of 193.06 ± 2.27μg/ml at maximum time of 1.138 ± 0.012 h in normal, while in infected chickens the maximum serum concentrations was 132.93 ± 1.53μg/ml attained at maximum time of 1.265 ± 0.013 h. In conclusion a cefepime at dose of 100 mg/kg administered intravenously or IM at 24 h intervals may provide successful treatment of chicken infected with Salmonella typhimurium.

The bioavailability of cefepime in normal broiler chickens was investigated after single intramuscular and intravenous administrations at a dose of 100 mg/kg b.wt. Serum concentrations of cefepime were determined by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Following compartmental analysis, a two-compartment open model best described the concentration-time data of cefepime after intramuscular and intravenous administration. After intramuscular administration, the drug reached its maximum serum concentrations (Cmax) of 193.06 ± 2.27 μg/ml at maximum time (Tmax) of 1.138 ± 0.012 h, absorption half-life (t1/2ab) was 0.491 ± 0.027 h and (AUC0-t) was 1127.58 ± 14.48 μg/ml/h. Following a single intravenous injection, the drug was detected till 24 hours, distribution half-life (t1/2α) was 0.217 ± 0.036 h, elimination half-life (t1/2β) was of 4.608 ± 0.145 h and clearance (CL) was 0.090 ± 0.002 (mg/kg)/(μg/ml)/h, volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss) was 0.586 ± 0.11 (mg/kg)/(μg/ml) and bioavailability was 104.30 ± 2.34 %. Limits of detection and quantification were 0.03 and 0.10 µg/ml, respectively.