Background: The quality of life for females who experience primary dysmenorrhea, which causes spasmodic cramping in the lower abdomen, back, or inner thighs, may be negatively impacted. Therefore, non-pharmacological methods such as Jacobson's relaxation technique and warm compresses can be safe and effective treatment for primary dysmenorrhea, as they reduce women's menstrual pain and improve their quality of life. Aim of the study: to investigate the effect of Jacobson's relaxation technique versus warm compresses on pain intensity, fatigue and quality of life among nursing students with primary dysmenorrheal Design: A quasi-experimental, comparative research design. Sample: A convenient sample of 100 female students with primary dysmenorrhea. Setting: This study was carried out at the Faculty of Nursing, Damanhour University in El-Beheira Governorate, Egypt, from the beginning of March 2022 till the end of June 2022.Data Collection Tools: four tools were utilized, tool one: basic data structured interview schedule, which included socio-demographic and clinical data as well as menstrual history and dietary habits; tool two: Visual Analog Scale (VAS);tool three: Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and tool four: 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36).Results: after intervention, severe pain was declined (2%) among the Jacobson's relaxation technique group, but it remained the same among the warm compresses group. in contrast, fatigue was diminished (78%) among the latter group, while it was dropped (52%) among the former group. In addition; the warm compresses group obtained significantly better total score of quality of life than the Jacobson's relaxation technique group in terms of general health (P=0.000), energy/fatigue (P=0.043) and emotional well-being (P=0.046) Conclusion: : it was concluded from this study that although Jacobson's relaxation technique was a little bit more effective in relieving menstrual pain than warm compresses, the latter was more effective in relieving fatigue and improving quality of life than the former. .Recommendations: Health teaching classes for adolescent should be conducted to teach them about the benefits of Jacobson's relaxation technique and warm compresses in decreasing menstrual pain

Background: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is accountable for around 25% of maternal mortality in the developing countries. Management of 3 rd stage of labour is the cornerstone in PPH prevention. The effect of Placenta Cord Drainage (PCD) on the 3 rd progress and PPH prevention is still controversy. Aim of the study: This study aims to investigate the effect of placental drainage on the third stage of labour progress and incidence of postpartum hemorrhage. Research design: randomized controlled clinical trial. Setting: This study is conducted at normal labour unit at Damanhour educational institution affiliated to ministry of health at Elbehira governorate/Egypt. Sampling: A purposive sample of 120 women undergoing normal easy vaginal delivery. Tools: two tools were used for data collection. Tool I: sociodemographic characteristics and obstetric history interview schedule. Tool II: Labour assessment sheet it consists of three main parts. Part I: Summary of the first and second stage of labor. Part II: third stage assessment sheet. Part III: 3. Early postpartum assessment sheet. Results: The present study results shows no statistical significant differences between PCD and control group regarding vital signs during the 3rd stage, uterus condition after placenta delivery, type, dose and route of uterotonic drugs given during 3rd stage. On the contrary, a statistical significant reduction in the time elapsed until appearance of placenta separation signs (3.5583±0.83915), 3rd stage duration(5.1417±1.03138), amount of blood loss during 3rd stage (195.45±13.994), placenta weight (580.333±64.97631) and incidence of retained placenta ((0%) in the PCD group than control. In the early postpartum assessment, the mean pulse (88.2.7667±3.11022) is higher among control group compared to PCD (83.4667±2.78292) group. Control group needs higher dose of uterotonic (8.6780±2.62902) drugs than PCD (5.0566±1.41985) group. In addition, maternal hemoglobin (9.5234±0.6087) is slightly higher in PCD group compared to control (8.458±0.873). Conclusion: PCD is safe, effective noninvasive intervention that may help in improving 3 rd stage progress. Recommendation: PCD should be added to third stage of labour intervention protocol.

Background and objective: Laparoscopic surgery has become a widespread operation for treatment of uncomplicated symptomatic abdominal pathologies. Gynecological laparoscopic procedures are often associated with shoulder pain that may cause more discomfort to the women than the pain at the site of incision. Relive of shoulder pain is an essential goal of gynecological nurse. Its management could be pharmacological or non-pharmacological methods. Among the non-pharmacological approaches are the use of effleurage massage and warm application. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of effleurage massage versus warm application on shoulder pain among postoperative women with gynecological laparoscopic surgery.Methods: Design: A comparative non-randomized controlled clinical trial was utilized in the present study started by the beginning of September 2018 and continued until the end of January 2019. Setting: This study was carried out in the laparoscopic unit at the Elshatby Maternity University Hospital in Alexandria. Subjects: A convenience sample of 80 women who were available at the time of data collection were recruited from the above mentioned setting. Tools: Tool I: Socio-demographic and clinical data structured interview schedule. Tool II: Visual analog scale (VAS), Tool III: physiologic and behavioral response to pain sheet (PBRPS), Tool IV: A modified version of Johansson Pain-o-meter (JPOM).Results: The study results revealed that shoulder pain intensity was statistically significant before and after intervention among the massage and warm application groups (p = .000). It was also statistically significant between the two groups after intervention (p = .000), where a sizeable proportion of the effleurage massage group (70%) experienced no pain, compared to only 25% of the warm application group.Conclusions: The current study suggests that massage group induces less shoulder pain intensity than the other modality.