Back ground:Arterial blood gases sampling is a valuable tool in the assessment of multitude of illness and injuries. It represents the criterion stander for determining a ventilated and non-ventilated children's acid base status. Aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of educational program on improving nurses' performance regarding arterial blood gases sampling for critically ill children. Setting: The study was conducted at pediatric intensive care units in Benha University hospital and Benha Specialized pediatric hospital. Design: A quasi experimental design was utilized for conducting the current study. Sample: A convenient sample of ( 50) nurses working at the above mentioned settings were recruited for this study regardless of their personal characteristics.Tools: Two tools were used for data collection, a structured questionnaire sheet to assess nurses' knowledge about arterial blood gases sampling and an observational checklist to assess nurses ' practice regarding arterial blood gases sampling. Results: There was a highly statistical significant differences in nurses' knowledge and practice regarding arterial blood gases sampling before and after program implementation. Conclusion:Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that, the research hypothesis is accepted, while it was found that the educational program is highly effective method to improve the nurses' knowledge and practice regarding arterial blood gases sampling.Recommendation:The study recommended that, the continuous training and evaluating should be provided to all nurses involved in arterial blood gases sampling in order to update their knowledge and ensure competent practice.

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Background: Cochlear implants help children with severe hearing loss receive, process, and interpret sounds. Hearing loss can affect these areas of development. Aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of educational program on mothers' empowerment and satisfaction regarding caring of children post cochlear implant.

Context: Genitourinary anomalies account for the most common urogenital disorders in children. Therefore, pediatric nursing excellence model will continue to be central to excellence in nursing practice and optimal childcare. Aim: To evaluate the effect pediatric nursing excellence model on nurses' knowledge and practice regarding care of children undergoing surgical repair of genitourinary anomalies. Research design: Researchers utilize a quasi-experimental research. Setting: The present study was conducted at the inpatient pediatric surgical department, at Benha Specialized Pediatric Hospital in Benha city. Study sample: All available nurses, they composed of 60 nurses working at the previously mentioned settings were included in the current study regardless of their personal characteristics. Study tools: Three tools were used for data collection, Tool I: A structured interviewing questionnaire developed to assess nurses' personal characteristics and level of knοwledge regarding care of children undergoing surgical repair of genitourinary anomalies. Tool II: An observational checklist to assess nurses' practice regarding care of children undergoing surgical repair of genitourinary anomalies Tool III: A structured questionnaire based on Pediatric Nursing Excellence (PNE) model regarding care of children undergoing surgical repair of genitourinary anomalies. Results: The majority of the studied nurses had satisfactory level of knowledge and competent level regarding their total practice post PNE model application. Also, the majority of them had high excellence level post PNE model application, while less than three-quarters had low excellence level pre PNE model application. Conclusion: It could be concluded that nurses' level of knowledge and practice improved regarding the care of children undergoing surgical repair of genitourinary anomalies, which emphasize that PNE model application was effective. Recommendation: Developing strategies to improve nursing care for children undergoing surgical repair of genitourinary anomalies is needed to achieve high competent nurses' performance