Bacterial are well known for their ability to excrete enzymes into the environment. Bacillus sp. being industrially important organisms produces a wide variety of extra-cellular enzymes including proteases. Bacillus sp. isolated from local marine samples collected from Saudi Arabia for produced protease enzyme. The aim of this work was to evaluate protease production by different bacterial isolated from marine. Six bacterial isolates were screened for protease production. Two protease producing isolates, No.2 and No.3 were selected on the basis of gelatin hydrolyses. When the extracellular protease were examined using fermentation production medium, the date recorded the highest extracellular protease enzyme reached to (243 U/ml) by isolate No. 2. Finally the selected isolate was identify according to the morphological characteristics and named Bacillus sp No.2 EHN.

The present study examined the effect of water extract (200 mg/kg body weight) of Rosmarinus officinalis L. in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats for 21 days. The hepatoprotective effects were investigated in the liver tissues sections. There was a significant increase in serum liver biochemical parameters (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase), accompanied by a significant decrease in the level of total protein and albumin in the STZ-induced rats when compared with that of the normal group. The high-dose treatment group (200 mg/kg body wt) significantly restored the elevated liver function enzymes near to normal. This study revealed that rosemary extracts exerted a hepatoprotective effect. The results indicate that the extract exhibits the protective effect on tissues and prove its potentials as an antidiabetic agent.

Background/Aims: Hepatic fibrosis is a wound-healing process in the chronically injured liver. Clinical application of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is of considerable interest for wound healing and regeneration. In view of the regeneration effect of PRP, we designed this study to explore the hypothesis that PRP could play a role in improving the biochemical and molecular changes that occur in liver fibrosis induced by dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) in rats. Methods: Four groups were studied: control, PRP control, DMN (liver fibrosis), and DMN+PRP groups. Serum liver enzymes (alanine amino transferase ALT, aspartate amino transferase AST, gamma glutamyl transferase GGT, and lactate dehydrogenase LDH), and liver hydroxyproline content were measured colorimetrically.Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and B-cell lymphoma (Bcl2) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. And the expression levels of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) ,transforming growth factor (TGF-β), and nuclear factor kappa B1(NF-қB1) were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Our results showed that PRP markedly improved the DMN-induced changes in liver enzymes accompanied by a significant decrease in liver hydroxyproline content and IL-8 level induced by DMN, and an increase in the anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2. PRP also showed significant down-regulation of fibrosis-related genes α-SMA and TGF-β and a significant decrease in the inflammatory marker NF-қB1. Conclusion: Based on these encouraging results, we consider that PRP could be a promising new agent for liver regeneration and alleviation of fibrosis.

Investigation of functional hepatoprotective components from plants origin is a new model for drug evolution. The study examined the protective effects of Arabic gum (AG) induction on liver serum markers, antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in liver tissue against trichloroacetate (TCA) induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats. Also, the chemical constituents and antioxidant assay of aqueous extract of AG was determined. TCA at the dose of 50 mg/kg for 2 months produced hepatotoxicity as examined by the significant increase of serum activities of ALT, AST, ALP and conjugated bilirubin level in the TCA treated animals alone and decrease in total protein and albumin levels. Pretreatment with AG aqueous extract (0.5 g/kg/day) significantly (P< 0.05) lowered the serum enzyme activities and increased in total proteins and albumin level. The antioxidant studies showed that the activities of hepatic SOD, CAT and GPx were decreased in TCA induced animals with significantly elevated in MDA content which is reversed in pretreatment with aqueous extract of AG. Histopathology of the liver sections confirmed that the AG extract ameliorated hepatic damage induced by TCA. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that AG supplementation for 2 months in TCA induced toxicity in rats benefited hepatic antioxidant status and improved liver injury and damage in male albino rats exposed to TCA.

The study was undertaken to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of water extract of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) in St reptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. The effect of extract on serum card iac enzy mes in STZ induced diabetic rat models and normal control rats were determined. Extract was ad ministered orally, to STZ-induced diabetic rats, at a dose of 200 mg / kg body weight/day for 21 days. The fasting blood glucose level of diabetic rats was decreased significantly after treat ment with water ext ract of rosemary. Activit ies of aspartate transaminase (AST), creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were recovered significantly in ext ract treated diabetic group in respect to untreated diabetic group. After the monitoring of CPK and LDH act ivities in serum, it has been noted that the extract significantly correct the activ ities of these enzy mes in STZ-induced diabetic rat. To assess the antihyperlipidemic activities of this extract, the serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), trig lyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), very lo w density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-c) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) were determined. The results of this experiment demonstrated that, there was a significant recovery in the above mentioned biomarkers of lip id profile in treated STZ-induced diabetic rat.